Michalk D V
Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderheilkunde, Universität zu Köln.
Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 1997 Jun;91(3):227-32.
Chronic renal failure is rare in children. About one child per year per million population reaches terminal renal insufficiency. The breakdown of the excretory and incretory renal function leads to a damage of nearly all organ systems. Growth retardation and renal osteodystrophy are the most important manifestations in childhood. In the predialytic stage, therapy consists in a low protein, high caloric diet with calcium and vitamin D supplementation as well as the parenteral application of erythropoetin and growth hormone. In terminal renal failure, artificial kidney support is necessary either as hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The ultimate aim is a successful transplantation for full rehabilitation. The multiple medical and psychological problems need a good cooperation between family physician and the center of pediatric nephrology.
慢性肾衰竭在儿童中较为罕见。每百万人口中每年约有一名儿童发展至终末期肾功能不全。肾脏排泄和内分泌功能的破坏会导致几乎所有器官系统受损。生长发育迟缓及肾性骨营养不良是儿童期最重要的表现。在透析前阶段，治疗包括低蛋白、高热量饮食，并补充钙和维生素D，以及胃肠外应用促红细胞生成素和生长激素。在终末期肾衰竭时，需要进行血液透析或腹膜透析等人工肾支持治疗。最终目标是成功进行移植以实现完全康复。众多的医学和心理问题需要家庭医生与儿科肾脏病中心密切合作。
