Maki W S, Couture T, Frigen K, Lien D
Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1997 Oct;23(5):1393-411. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.23.5.1393.
Observers watched for 1 or 2 colored words as targets presented in lists of distractor strings (10 items/s). Identification of 1 target (T1) temporarily reduced the accuracy of reporting a 2nd target (T2). This attentional blink (AB) effect was most pronounced when T1 and T2 occurred close together in time. Use of recognition tests (instead of recall) improved performance but did not eliminate the AB effect. The AB effect was found with both word and nonword distractors, a smaller AB effect was found with consonant string distractors, and the AB effect was substantially attenuated with strings of unfamiliar characters (a false font). Analyses of errors indicated that the 2nd target is frequently replaced or corrupted by the following distractor during the blink. The AB effect appears to result from both attentional and mnemonic processes.
观察者注视着作为目标呈现于干扰字符串列表（每秒10个项目）中的1个或2个彩色单词。识别出1个目标（T1）会暂时降低报告第2个目标（T2）的准确性。当T1和T2在时间上紧密相邻出现时，这种注意瞬脱（AB）效应最为明显。使用识别测试（而非回忆）可提高表现，但并未消除AB效应。在单词和非单词干扰物条件下均发现了AB效应，在辅音字符串干扰物条件下发现的AB效应较小，而在不熟悉字符串（伪字体）条件下AB效应显著减弱。错误分析表明，在瞬脱期间，第2个目标经常被随后的干扰物替换或破坏。AB效应似乎是由注意和记忆过程共同导致的。
