Tyrer P, Gunderson J, Lyons M, Tohen M
St. Charles Hospital, London, UK.
J Pers Disord. 1997 Fall;11(3):242-59. doi: 10.1521/pedi.1997.11.3.242.
Comorbidity between major psychiatric disorders (Axis I) and personality disorders (Axis II) is widespread, often extremely strong, and invariably confusing. The strongest associations are found between substance use and the cluster B (flamboyant) personality disorders, anxiety disorders and the anxious/fearful personality group (cluster C), and between somatisation and both cluster B and C disorders. The significance of these associations is far from clear, and almost certainly include more than one type of relationship. Empirical studies of patients with and without Axis I and II comorbidity show that the presence of a personality disorder can affect the outcome of treatment, both positively and negatively, in a way that currently appears unpredictable. One useful way of interpreting this comorbidity is by postulating personality dispositions that make some people prone to certain mental state disorders.
主要精神障碍（轴I）与人格障碍（轴II）之间的共病现象很普遍，往往极其严重，而且总是令人困惑。最强的关联见于物质使用与B类（戏剧化）人格障碍、焦虑症与焦虑/恐惧人格组（C类）之间，以及躯体化与B类和C类障碍之间。这些关联的意义远未明确，几乎可以肯定其中包含不止一种关系类型。对存在和不存在轴I与轴II共病的患者进行的实证研究表明，人格障碍的存在会以目前看来无法预测的方式对治疗结果产生积极和消极的影响。解释这种共病的一种有用方法是假定人格倾向会使一些人易于患上某些精神状态障碍。
