Seifert H, Dijkshoorn L, Gerner-Smidt P, Pelzer N, Tjernberg I, Vaneechoutte M
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany.
J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Nov;35(11):2819-25. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.11.2819-2825.1997.
At least 19 genomic species are recognized as constituting the genus Acinetobacter. However, little is known about the natural reservoirs of the various members of the genus. An epidemiological study was therefore performed to investigate the colonization with Acinetobacter spp. of the skin and mucous membranes of 40 patients hospitalized in a cardiology ward and 40 healthy controls. Single samples were obtained once from each of nine different body sites, i.e., forehead, ear, nose, throat, axilla, hand, groin, perineum, and toe web. Identification of Acinetobacter isolates was achieved by using phenotypic properties and was compared to identification by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Selected isolates were further investigated with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ribotyping, and DNA-DNA hybridization. Plasmid profile analysis was used for epidemiological typing. Thirty patients (75%) and 17 controls (42.5%) were found to be colonized with Acinetobacter spp., and the colonization rates of patients increased during their hospital stay. The most frequently isolated species were Acinetobacter lwoffii (47%), A. johnsonii (21%), A. radioresistens (12%), and DNA group 3 (11%). In contrast, A. baumannii and DNA group 13TU, the most important nosocomial Acinetobacter spp., were found only rarely on human skin (0.5 and 1%, respectively) and their natural habitat remains to be defined. A good correlation between phenotypic and genotypic methods for identification of Acinetobacter spp. was observed, and only two isolates could not be assigned to any of the known DNA groups.
至少19个基因组种被认为构成不动杆菌属。然而，对于该属不同成员的天然宿主知之甚少。因此，进行了一项流行病学研究，以调查40名入住心脏病病房的患者和40名健康对照者的皮肤和黏膜上不动杆菌属的定植情况。从九个不同身体部位（即前额、耳朵、鼻子、喉咙、腋窝、手、腹股沟、会阴和趾间）的每一个部位各采集一次单一样本。通过表型特征对不动杆菌分离株进行鉴定，并与通过扩增核糖体DNA限制性分析进行的鉴定结果进行比较。对选定的分离株进一步采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、核糖体分型和DNA-DNA杂交进行研究。质粒图谱分析用于流行病学分型。发现30名患者（75%）和17名对照者（42.5%）被不动杆菌属定植，患者的定植率在住院期间有所增加。最常分离出的菌种是洛菲不动杆菌（47%）、约翰逊不动杆菌（21%）、抗辐射不动杆菌（12%）和DNA群3（11%）。相比之下，鲍曼不动杆菌和DNA群13TU这两种最重要的医院内不动杆菌属菌种，在人类皮肤上很少被发现（分别为0.5%和1%），其天然栖息地仍有待确定。观察到不动杆菌属鉴定的表型方法和基因型方法之间具有良好的相关性，只有两株分离株无法归入任何已知的DNA群。
