Garfield R
Columbia University School of Nursing, USA.
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 1997 Fall;52(4):181-4, 198.
Economic embargoes have become common since the end of the Cold War. This review of health changes in Iraq, Haiti, Yugoslavia, Nicaragua, South Africa, and Cuba indicates that the major impact of decreased access to health goods occurs among the most politically and economically vulnerable sectors of the population, particularly women and children under five years of age. While some societies are skilled at attenuating the negative health effects of economic embargoes, nearly all countries have demonstrable deterioration in the health sector, despite major attempts to provide humanitarian assistance. Recommendations for reducing the negative impact of economic embargoes on civilian populations include exempting humanitarian goods (food and medical supplies) and international agreements to define exempt goods and guarantee their delivery.
自冷战结束以来，经济禁运已变得很常见。对伊拉克、海地、南斯拉夫、尼加拉瓜、南非和古巴健康状况变化的这项综述表明，获得卫生用品减少所产生的主要影响发生在人口中政治和经济上最脆弱的群体，特别是五岁以下的妇女和儿童。虽然一些社会善于减轻经济禁运对健康的负面影响，但几乎所有国家的卫生部门都出现了明显恶化，尽管作出了提供人道主义援助的重大努力。减少经济禁运对平民负面影响的建议包括豁免人道主义物资（食品和医疗用品）以及通过国际协定来界定豁免物资并保障其运送。
