Segal S P, Silverman C, Temkin T
Center for Self-Help Research, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
J Ment Health Adm. 1997 Fall;24(4):456-64. doi: 10.1007/BF02790506.
Leaders of self-help agencies (SHAs) aspire to develop program environments that are different from community mental health agencies (CMHAs). This article addresses two questions. Do consumers' perceptions of SHAs approximate the characteristics leaders think ought to typify such agencies? Do SHA and CMHA consumers differ in their program perceptions? Using the Community-Oriented Program Environment Scale, leader expectations of ideal SHA environments were obtained from a national survey of 189 consumer-run agency heads, perceptions of actual environments from interviews with 310 SHA consumers, and perceptions of CMHAs from questionnaire responses of 779 consumers in 54 programs. SHA reality conforms to ideology in offering opportunities for consumers to experience involvement, support, and autonomy in the receipt of needed service. While showing only modest differences from CMHAs on relationship and treatment characteristics, SHA consumers differ in their perceived control over program rules, a fact previously found significant in promoting positive outcomes.
自助机构（SHA）的领导者们渴望营造出与社区心理健康机构（CMHA）不同的项目环境。本文探讨两个问题。消费者对自助机构的认知是否与领导者认为此类机构应具备的典型特征相符？自助机构和社区心理健康机构的消费者在对项目的认知上是否存在差异？通过使用面向社区的项目环境量表，从对189名消费者运营机构负责人的全国性调查中获取了领导者对理想自助机构环境的期望，通过对310名自助机构消费者的访谈获取了对实际环境的认知，并通过对54个项目中779名消费者的问卷回复获取了对社区心理健康机构的认知。自助机构的实际情况符合其理念，即能为消费者提供机会，使其在接受所需服务时体验到参与感、支持和自主性。虽然在关系和治疗特征方面与社区心理健康机构相比差异不大，但自助机构的消费者在对项目规则的感知控制方面存在差异，这一事实先前已被发现对促进积极结果具有重要意义。
