Strollo D C, Rosado-de-Christenson M L, Jett J R
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA.
Chest. 1997 Nov 5;112(5):1344-57. doi: 10.1378/chest.112.5.1344.
Lymphoma, mediastinal cysts, and neurogenic neoplasms are the most common primary middle and posterior mediastinal tumors. Lymphoma may involve the anterior, middle and/or posterior mediastinum, frequently as lymphadenopathy or as a discrete mass. Foregut cysts are common congenital mediastinal cysts and frequently arise in the middle mediastinum. Pericardial cysts are rare. Schwannoma and neurofibroma are benign peripheral nerve neoplasms, represent the most common mediastinal neurogenic tumors, and rarely degenerate into malignant tumors of nerve sheath origin. Sympathetic ganglia tumors include benign ganglioneuroma and malignant ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma. Lateral thoracic meningocele is a rare cause of a posterior mediastinal mass.
淋巴瘤、纵隔囊肿和神经源性肿瘤是最常见的原发性中纵隔和后纵隔肿瘤。淋巴瘤可累及前纵隔、中纵隔和/或后纵隔，常表现为淋巴结病或孤立性肿块。前肠囊肿是常见的先天性纵隔囊肿，常发生于中纵隔。心包囊肿罕见。神经鞘瘤和神经纤维瘤是良性周围神经肿瘤，是最常见的纵隔神经源性肿瘤，很少恶变为神经鞘源性恶性肿瘤。交感神经节肿瘤包括良性神经节细胞瘤、恶性神经节神经母细胞瘤和神经母细胞瘤。胸外侧脑脊膜膨出是后纵隔肿块的罕见原因。
