Romero Vivas J, Rubio Alonso M, Corral O, Pacheco S, Agudo E, Picazo J J
Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 1997 Jun-Jul;15(6):289-98.
Respiratory infections are the most frequent reason for primary health care consultation. Although generally not severe, they are responsible for a large number of days of laboral and scholar absenteeism and an excessive use of antibiotics.
The clinical and epidemiologic data of extrahospitalary infections in primary health care centers throughout Spain were collected according to the one day cut off system repeated trimestrally over one year.
Data of 3,732 days of consultation were collected in which a total of 144,608 patients were attended. Of these, 20,614 had respiratory infections and 11,684 extrarespiratory infections. The most frequent processes were pharyngitis (33.7%), common cold (31.7%) followed by bronchitis (18.7%), otitis (11%), influenza (4.6%), laryngitis (4%), sinusitis (3.6%) and pneumonia (1.8%). Antibiotic treatment was prescribed in 13,488 patients (65%). The type of antibiotic was analyzed in the 11,977 patients treated for only one infection. Penicillins were the antibiotics most used followed by cephalosporins. The antibiotic prescribed was considered adequate in 70% of the 8,484 patients treated for potentially bacterial infection. A total of 3,493 patients had infection considered to be of viral etiology.
Twenty-two percent of the patients attending a primary health care center presented infection and of these two out of three cases had respiratory infection. Pharyngitis and common cold were the most frequent processes observed. Two thirds of the patients consulting for respiratory infection received antibiotic treatment, with 29.2% being diagnosed with infections considered to be of viral etiology. The empiric treatment chosen for the two thirds of the potentially bacterial infections was considered as adequate.
呼吸道感染是基层医疗咨询最常见的原因。尽管通常并不严重，但它们导致大量工作日和学习日缺勤，以及抗生素的过度使用。
根据一年中每三个月重复一次的一天截止系统，收集了西班牙各地基层医疗中心院外感染的临床和流行病学数据。
收集了3732天的咨询数据，共诊治了144608名患者。其中，20614例患有呼吸道感染，11684例患有呼吸道外感染。最常见的病症是咽炎（33.7%）、普通感冒（31.7%），其次是支气管炎（18.7%）、中耳炎（11%）、流感（4.6%）、喉炎（4%）、鼻窦炎（3.6%）和肺炎（1.8%）。13488名患者（65%）接受了抗生素治疗。对仅治疗一种感染的11977名患者的抗生素类型进行了分析。青霉素是最常用的抗生素，其次是头孢菌素。在8484例接受潜在细菌感染治疗的患者中，70%的患者使用的抗生素被认为是合适的。共有3493例患者的感染被认为是病毒病因。
在基层医疗中心就诊的患者中有22%出现感染，其中三分之二的病例患有呼吸道感染。咽炎和普通感冒是最常见的病症。三分之二因呼吸道感染就诊的患者接受了抗生素治疗，其中29.2%被诊断为病毒病因的感染。对于三分之二的潜在细菌感染所选择的经验性治疗被认为是合适的。
