Schmahmann J D, Pandya D N
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 1997;41:31-60. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60346-3.
If there is a cerebellar contribution to nonmotor function, particularly to cognitive abilities and affective states, then there must be corresponding anatomic substrates that support this. The cerebellum is strongly interconnected with the cerebral hemispheres in both feedforward (cerebral hemispheres to cerebellum) and feedback directions. This relationship has long been recognized, particularly with respect to the motor and sensory cortices. Investigations performed over the last decade however, have demonstrated for the first time the organization and strength of the connections that link the cerebellum with areas of the cerebral cortex known to be concerned with higher order behavior rather than with motor control. The feedforward projections from these higher order areas, namely the associative and paralimbic cortices, seem to be matched, at least in the limited but definite demonstrations to date, by cerebellar projections back to these same areas. These observations are important because they are congruent with the notion that cognitive functions are distributed among multiple cortical and subcortical nodes, each of which functions in concert but in a unique manner to produce an ultimate behavior pattern. This chapter describes the neural circuitry postulated to subserve the cerebellar contribution to nonmotor processing, particularly cognitive and affective modulation, and discusses the theoretical implications of these anatomic findings.
如果小脑对非运动功能有贡献，尤其是对认知能力和情感状态有贡献，那么必然存在支持这一功能的相应解剖学基础。小脑与大脑半球在向前（从大脑半球到小脑）和反馈方向上都有紧密的相互连接。这种关系早已为人所知，特别是在运动和感觉皮层方面。然而，过去十年进行的研究首次证明了连接小脑与已知与高阶行为而非运动控制相关的大脑皮层区域的连接组织和强度。来自这些高阶区域，即联合皮层和边缘旁皮层的前馈投射，至少在迄今为止有限但明确的证明中，似乎与小脑投射回这些相同区域相匹配。这些观察结果很重要，因为它们与认知功能分布在多个皮层和皮层下节点的观点一致，每个节点协同发挥作用，但以独特的方式产生最终的行为模式。本章描述了假定为小脑对非运动处理，特别是认知和情感调节做出贡献的神经回路，并讨论了这些解剖学发现的理论意义。
