Kaplan D M, Rosenfield A T, Smith R C
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997 Sep;11(3):681-705. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70380-9.
Traditionally, imaging of renal infections was largely through a multimodality approach. Excretory urography, ultrasonography, nuclear scintigraphy, and CT all played major roles; however, in recent years, CT has increased in prominence in the imaging and evaluation of renal infection. Part of the reason for this trend includes improvements in the availability of CT scanners and more timely access to them. Helical scanning technology has also greatly increased the quality and usefulness of the information CT provides. Most uncomplicated cases of acute renal infection in adults do not require imaging for diagnosis and treatment. When imaging is indicated, however, contrast-enhanced CT almost always is the study of choice. For cases in which renal calculi may be present, the study should also include noncontrast images through the kidneys.
传统上，肾脏感染的影像学检查主要采用多模态方法。排泄性尿路造影、超声检查、核素扫描和CT都发挥了主要作用；然而，近年来，CT在肾脏感染的影像学检查和评估中变得更加突出。这种趋势的部分原因包括CT扫描仪可用性的提高以及更及时的使用。螺旋扫描技术也大大提高了CT所提供信息的质量和实用性。大多数成人急性肾脏感染的非复杂性病例不需要影像学检查来进行诊断和治疗。然而，当需要进行影像学检查时，增强CT几乎总是首选的检查方法。对于可能存在肾结石的病例，检查还应包括肾脏的非增强图像。
