Giller S, Le Curieux F, Erb F, Marzin D
Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Pasteur Institute of Lille, France.
Mutagenesis. 1997 Sep;12(5):321-8. doi: 10.1093/mutage/12.5.321.
Three short-term assays (SOS chromotest, Ames fluctuation test and newt micronucleus test) were performed to detect the genotoxic activity of organohalides, compounds likely to be found in chlorinated and/or ozonated drinking water: monochloro-, dichloro- and trichloroacetic acids and monobromo-, dibromo- and tribromoacetic acids. With the SOS chromotest, only three of the chemicals studied (dichloroacetic acid, dibromo- and tribromoacetic acids) were found to induce primary DNA damage in Escherichia coli PQ 37. In the Ames fluctuation test, all the compounds except monochloroacetic acid showed mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. In these two in vitro tests, a good correlation between increasing number of substituents and decreasing mutagenicity was observed. Namely, the toxicity of brominated and chlorinated acetic acids decreased when the number of substituents increased. The newt micronucleus test detected a weak clastogenic effect on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Pleurodeles waltl larvae for trichloroacetic acid only.
进行了三项短期检测（SOS 显色试验、艾姆斯波动试验和蝾螈微核试验），以检测有机卤化物的遗传毒性活性，这些化合物可能存在于氯化和/或臭氧化的饮用水中：一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸以及一溴乙酸、二溴乙酸和三溴乙酸。通过 SOS 显色试验，仅发现所研究的三种化学物质（二氯乙酸、二溴乙酸和三溴乙酸）能在大肠杆菌 PQ 37 中诱导原发性 DNA 损伤。在艾姆斯波动试验中，除一氯乙酸外的所有化合物在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 TA100 菌株中均表现出诱变活性。在这两项体外试验中，观察到取代基数量增加与诱变性降低之间存在良好的相关性。也就是说，溴化和氯化乙酸的毒性随着取代基数量的增加而降低。蝾螈微核试验仅检测到三氯乙酸对钝口螈幼虫外周血红细胞有微弱的致断裂效应。
