Taylor K L, Kerner J F, Gold K F, Mandelblatt J S
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Lombardi Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Prev Med. 1997 Nov-Dec;26(6):855-65. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1997.0225.
Despite the high rate of current smoking among blacks in the United States, to date there have been no studies comparing smoking rates or predictors of smoking among adults from different black ethnic groups living in the United States. If cancer control programs are to successfully reduce the risk of smoking-related cancers within black communities, more extensive data on demographics, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices within ethnic groups are needed.
We conducted a structured telephone interview to assess smoking status, alcohol use, cancer-related attitudes and beliefs, and demographic information among Haitian-born (N = 165), Caribbean-born (N = 354), and U.S.-born (N = 402) blacks living in New York City in 1992.
Relative to U.S.-born participants, both Caribbean- and Haitian-born participants were significantly less likely to have ever smoked. Although both groups of foreign-born men were much more likely to have ever smoked relative to their female counterparts, U.S.-born men and women were equally likely to have ever smoked. Alcohol use was consistently related to smoking across ethnic and gender groups, and this association was enhanced among older drinkers. The belief that smoking is not related to cancer was associated with an almost twofold increase of ever smoking.
The rate of ever smoking among urban, foreign-born blacks is considerably lower than among U.S.-born blacks; among the foreign-born participants, ever smoking was lower among women relative to men. Alcohol use is an important predictor of smoking status, particularly among older drinkers.
尽管美国黑人中当前吸烟率很高，但迄今为止，尚无研究比较居住在美国的不同黑人种族群体成年人的吸烟率或吸烟预测因素。如果癌症控制项目要成功降低黑人社区内吸烟相关癌症的风险，就需要关于种族群体的人口统计学、知识、态度、信念和行为的更广泛数据。
1992年，我们进行了一项结构化电话访谈，以评估居住在纽约市的海地出生（N = 165）、加勒比出生（N = 354）和美国出生（N = 402）的黑人的吸烟状况、饮酒情况、癌症相关态度和信念以及人口统计学信息。
相对于美国出生的参与者，加勒比出生和海地出生的参与者曾经吸烟的可能性显著更低。尽管两组外国出生的男性相对于女性更有可能曾经吸烟，但美国出生的男性和女性曾经吸烟的可能性相同。饮酒在不同种族和性别群体中都与吸烟持续相关，并且这种关联在年长饮酒者中更强。认为吸烟与癌症无关的信念与曾经吸烟的可能性增加近两倍有关。
城市中外国出生的黑人曾经吸烟的比率远低于美国出生的黑人；在外国出生的参与者中，女性曾经吸烟的比率低于男性。饮酒是吸烟状况的一个重要预测因素，尤其是在年长饮酒者中。
