Trinder J, Kay A, Kleiman J, Dunai J
School of Behavioural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997 Dec;83(6):1986-97. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1986.
At the onset of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep there is a fall in ventilation and an increase in upper airway resistance (UAR). In healthy men there is a progressive increase in UAR as NREM sleep deepens. This study compared the pattern of change in UAR and ventilation in 14 men and 14 women (aged 18-25 yr) both during sleep onset and over the NREM phase of a sleep cycle (from wakefulness to slow-wave sleep). During sleep onset, fluctuations between electroencephalographic alpha and theta activity were associated with mean alterations in inspiratory minute ventilation and UAR of between 1 and 4.5 l/min and between 0.70 and 5.0 cmH2O . l-1 . s, respectively, with no significant effect of gender on either change (P > 0.05). During NREM sleep, however, the increment in UAR was larger in men than in women (P < 0.01), such that the mean levels of UAR at peak flow reached during slow-wave sleep were approximately 25 and 10 cmH2O . l-1 . s in men and women, respectively. We speculate that the greater increase in UAR in healthy young men may represent a gender-related susceptibility to sleep-disordered breathing that, in conjunction with other predisposing factors, may contribute to the development of obstructive sleep apnea.
在非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠开始时，通气量下降，上气道阻力（UAR）增加。在健康男性中，随着NREM睡眠加深，UAR会逐渐增加。本研究比较了14名男性和14名女性（年龄在18 - 25岁之间）在睡眠开始期间以及睡眠周期的NREM阶段（从清醒到慢波睡眠）UAR和通气的变化模式。在睡眠开始期间，脑电图α波和θ波活动之间的波动分别与吸气分钟通气量平均变化1至4.5升/分钟以及UAR平均变化0.70至5.0厘米水柱·升⁻¹·秒相关，两种变化均无显著性别差异（P>0.05）。然而，在NREM睡眠期间，男性UAR的增加幅度大于女性（P<0.01），以至于在慢波睡眠期间达到的峰值流量时，男性和女性的UAR平均水平分别约为25和10厘米水柱·升⁻¹·秒。我们推测，健康年轻男性中UAR的更大增加可能代表了与性别相关的睡眠呼吸障碍易感性，这与其他易感因素一起，可能导致阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的发生。
