Hannibal J, Ekblad E, Mulder H, Sundler F, Fahrenkrug J
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
Cell Tissue Res. 1998 Jan;291(1):65-79. doi: 10.1007/s004410050980.
The expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) was studied in the gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) of normal rats using radioimmunoassay, chromatography, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization. PACAP-38, PACAP-27, and PACAP-related peptide were demonstrated in all parts of the GI-tract, PACAP-38 being the predominant form confirmed by chromatography. PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies were found in the myenteric ganglia throughout the GI-tract. PACAP-containing nerve cell bodies were also demonstrated in the submucous ganglia of the small and large intestine. The synthesis of PACAP in intrinsic neurons was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Double immunostaining showed that PACAP is present in calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing sensory nerve fibers as well as in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- or VIP/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-containing (intramural) nerve fibers in the upper GI-tract and in anally projecting, intrinsic VIP-and VIP/nitric oxide syntase-containing nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers in the small and large intestine. Neonatal treatment with capsaicin significantly reduced the concentration of PACAP-38 in the esophagus, stomach, and colon. Extrinsic denervation decreased the PACAP-38 concentration in the stomach, while no change was observed in the small intestine. These results indicate that PACAP- immunoreactive nerve fibers in the GI-tract originate from both intrinsic (enteric) and extrinsic (presumably sensory) sources suggesting that PACAP may have diverse gastrointestinal functions.
采用放射免疫分析、色谱分析、免疫细胞化学和原位杂交技术，研究了正常大鼠胃肠道中垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽（PACAP）的表达。在胃肠道的所有部位均证实存在PACAP - 38、PACAP - 27和PACAP相关肽，色谱分析证实PACAP - 38是主要形式。在整个胃肠道的肌间神经节中发现了PACAP免疫反应性神经纤维和神经细胞体。在小肠和大肠的黏膜下神经节中也证实了含有PACAP的神经细胞体。原位杂交证实了内在神经元中PACAP的合成。双重免疫染色显示，PACAP存在于上消化道中含降钙素基因相关肽的感觉神经纤维以及含血管活性肠肽（VIP）或VIP/胃泌素释放肽（GRP）的（壁内）神经纤维中，在小肠和大肠中存在向肛门投射的、内在的含VIP和VIP/一氧化氮合酶的神经细胞体和神经纤维。新生大鼠用辣椒素处理可显著降低食管、胃和结肠中PACAP - 38的浓度。外在神经去支配降低了胃中PACAP - 38的浓度，而小肠中未观察到变化。这些结果表明，胃肠道中PACAP免疫反应性神经纤维起源于内在（肠）和外在（可能是感觉）两种来源，提示PACAP可能具有多种胃肠功能。
