Krajcovicová-Kudlácková M, Simoncic R, Béderová A, Grancicová E, Magálová T
Research Institute of Nutrition, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Nahrung. 1997 Oct;41(5):311-4. doi: 10.1002/food.19970410513.
To evaluate the health and nutritional status of children with two different nutritional habits, the authors examined 26 vegetarians (lacto- and lacto-ovo; an average period of vegetarianism 2.8 years) and 32 individuals on mixed diet (omnivores) in the age range 11-14 years. Vegetarian children had significantly lower erythrocyte number as well as reduced levels of haemoglobin and iron compared to omnivores. The average level of iron did not reach the lower limit of the physiological range and hyposiderinemia was found in 58% of vegetarians vs 9% of omnivores. Reduced iron levels were observed in spite of increased intake of vegetable iron sources and vitamin C (which facilitates the conversion to ferro-form). This reduction can be attributed to the absence of animal iron sources with high utilizability and to lower iron utilization in the presence of phytic acid (higher intake of grains compared to omnivores). The incidence of hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia in vegetarian children was 38 and 12%, respectively, compared to 0% in omnivores. The protein mixture from milk, eggs and vegetable sources is complete, but vegetarian children had significantly reduced intake of milk and dairy products. Favourable lipid and antioxidant parameters in vegetarian children reflect the optimal nutrition composition with respect to the prevention of free radical diseases. Such a nutrition results in significantly lower levels of cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol compared to omnivores and significantly higher and over threshold values of essential antioxidants--vitamin C, vitamin E/cholesterol (more effective protection against LDL oxidation), beta-carotene, vitamin A.
为评估具有两种不同营养习惯的儿童的健康和营养状况，作者对26名素食儿童（乳素食者和蛋奶素食者；素食平均时长2.8年）和32名11至14岁的杂食儿童（混合饮食者）进行了检查。与杂食儿童相比，素食儿童的红细胞数量显著更低，血红蛋白和铁水平也更低。素食儿童的铁平均水平未达到生理范围的下限，58%的素食儿童出现了低铁血症，而杂食儿童中这一比例为9%。尽管增加了植物性铁源和维生素C（有助于转化为亚铁形式）的摄入量，但仍观察到铁水平降低。这种降低可归因于缺乏高利用率的动物性铁源，以及在植酸存在的情况下铁利用率较低（与杂食儿童相比，谷物摄入量更高）。素食儿童低白蛋白血症和低蛋白血症的发生率分别为38%和12%，而杂食儿童中这一比例为0%。来自牛奶、鸡蛋和植物性来源的蛋白质混合物是完整的，但素食儿童的牛奶和乳制品摄入量显著减少。素食儿童有利的脂质和抗氧化参数反映了在预防自由基疾病方面的最佳营养组成。与杂食儿童相比，这种营养方式导致胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著更低，而必需抗氧化剂——维生素C、维生素E/胆固醇（对低密度脂蛋白氧化的更有效保护）、β-胡萝卜素、维生素A的水平显著更高且超过阈值。
