ETH Zurich, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), Consumer Behaviour, Universitätstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Public Health Nutr. 2013 Aug;16(8):1487-96. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012003771. Epub 2012 Aug 16.
We examined associations between snack frequency, sociodemographic characteristics, BMI, dietary and eating behaviour. In order to identify whether various subgroups of high-frequency snack consumers exist, we investigated underlying food patterns and lifestyle factors.
The data were based on the Swiss Food Panel Questionnaire of 2010, which included an FFQ, questions relating to sociodemographics and lifestyle factors. Data were examined using ANOVA, regression analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Gender differences were also investigated in the analysis of the data.
A sample of 6189 adults participating in the Swiss Food Panel filled in a questionnaire (response rate 30%).
The sample consisted of both men and women, with a mean age of 54?4 (SD 13?5) years.
There was no association between snack frequency and BMI. Consumption frequency of sweets and savouries as well as fruit intake increased with increasing snack frequency. Additionally, three different subgroups of high-frequency snack consumers could be revealed: healthy, moderate and unhealthy dietary-pattern groups. The latter included respondents who were less health-conscious and was characterized by high alcohol consumption frequency, daily breakfast skipping and watching television during the main meal.
High snack frequency occurred in the context of healthy as well as unhealthy dietary behaviour and lifestyle patterns. Women made healthier dietary food choices and were more likely to consume fruits as snacks, while men chose unhealthy foods, such as sweets and savouries, more often.
我们研究了零食频率与社会人口统计学特征、体重指数、饮食和饮食行为之间的关系。为了确定是否存在各种高频零食消费者亚组，我们调查了潜在的食物模式和生活方式因素。
数据基于 2010 年瑞士食品面板问卷，其中包括一份 FFQ 以及与社会人口统计学和生活方式因素相关的问题。使用方差分析、回归分析和层次聚类分析来检查数据。还在数据分析中研究了性别差异。
参与瑞士食品面板的 6189 名成年人填写了一份问卷（回应率为 30%）。
该样本由男性和女性组成，平均年龄为 54±13.5 岁。
零食频率与 BMI 之间没有关联。甜食和咸食以及水果的消费频率随着零食频率的增加而增加。此外，还可以揭示出三种不同的高频零食消费者亚组：健康、中度和不健康的饮食模式组。后者包括那些健康意识较低的受访者，其特点是饮酒频率高、经常不吃早餐和在主餐时看电视。
高频率的零食消费发生在健康和不健康的饮食行为和生活方式模式的背景下。女性做出更健康的饮食选择，更有可能将水果作为零食食用，而男性则更常选择不健康的食物，如甜食和咸食。
