Ohayon M M, Caulet M, Guilleminault C
Centre de Recherche Philippe Pinel de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Sleep. 1997 Sep;20(9):715-23. doi: 10.1093/sleep/20.9.715.
The traditional indicators of insomnia (i.e. difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, nonrestorative sleep, early morning awakening) were assessed in a representative sample of 1,722 French-speaking Montrealers (Canada) aged 15 to 100 years. These subjects were interviewed over the telephone (81.3% of contacted sample) by means of the Sleep-Eval software. Subjects were classified as either satisfied or dissatisfied with quality of sleep (SQS or DQS), with or without insomnia indicators (+I or -I). Sociodemographics, sleep-wake schedules, evening activities, medication intake, recent medical consultations, and social life were also investigated. DQS subjects composed 17.8% of the population (DQS + I: 11.2%; DQS - I: 6.5%), and 21.7% of subjects were classified as either DQS + I or SQS + I. Overall, 3.8% of subjects reported using a sleep-enhancing medication. Nonrestorative sleep did not significantly distinguish SQS and DQS subjects. The complaint of nonrestorative sleep is not a useful indicator of insomnia, despite its inclusion in all medical classifications. DQS - I and SQS + I subjects defy traditional classifications. A better understanding of sleep complaints and more accurate classifications will help physicians identify patients with insomnia and meet their needs more appropriately.
对1722名年龄在15至100岁之间的讲法语的蒙特利尔人（加拿大）的代表性样本，评估了失眠的传统指标（即入睡困难、维持睡眠困难、睡眠无恢复感、早醒）。通过Sleep-Eval软件通过电话对这些受试者进行了访谈（占联系样本的81.3%）。根据睡眠质量（SQS或DQS）以及有无失眠指标（+I或-I），将受试者分类为睡眠质量满意或不满意。还调查了社会人口统计学、睡眠-觉醒时间表、晚间活动、药物摄入、近期医疗咨询和社交生活。睡眠质量不满意的受试者占人口的17.8%（睡眠质量不满意且有失眠指标：11.2%；睡眠质量不满意但无失眠指标：6.5%），21.7%的受试者被分类为睡眠质量不满意且有失眠指标或睡眠质量满意且有失眠指标。总体而言，3.8%的受试者报告使用了助眠药物。睡眠无恢复感并不能显著区分睡眠质量满意和不满意的受试者。尽管睡眠无恢复感的主诉被纳入所有医学分类中，但它并不是失眠的一个有用指标。睡眠质量不满意但无失眠指标以及睡眠质量满意且有失眠指标的受试者不符合传统分类。更好地理解睡眠主诉并进行更准确的分类，将有助于医生识别失眠患者并更恰当地满足他们的需求。
