Ohayon M
Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Philippe Pinel de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Sleep. 1996 Apr;19(3 Suppl):S7-15. doi: 10.1093/sleep/19.suppl_3.s7.
This study was conducted with a representative sample of the French population of 5,622 subjects of 15 years old or more. The telephone interviews were performed with EVAL, an expert system specialized for the evaluation of sleep disorders. From this sample, 20.1% of persons said that they were unsatisfied with their sleep or taking medication for sleeping difficulties or anxiety with sleeping difficulties (UQS). A low family income, being a woman, being over 65 years of age, being retired and being separated, divorced or widowed are significantly associated with the presence of UQS. A sleep onset period over 15 minutes, a short night's sleep and regular nighttime awakenings are also associated with UQS. Medical consultations during the past 6 months and physical illnesses are more frequent among the UQS group. The consumption of sleep-enhancing medication and medication to reduce anxiety is important: in the past, 16% of subjects had taken a sleep-enhancing medication and 16.2% a medication to reduce anxiety. At the time of the survey 9.9% of the population were using sleep-enhancing medication and 6.7% were using medication for anxiety. For most, hypnotic consumption was long-term: 81.6% had been using it for more than 6 months.
本研究以法国15岁及以上的5622名具有代表性的人群为样本进行。电话访谈由EVAL执行，EVAL是一个专门用于评估睡眠障碍的专家系统。在这个样本中，20.1%的人表示他们对自己的睡眠不满意，或者正在服用治疗睡眠困难或因睡眠困难导致焦虑的药物（UQS）。家庭收入低、女性、65岁以上、退休以及分居、离婚或丧偶与UQS的存在显著相关。入睡时间超过15分钟、夜间睡眠时间短以及夜间经常醒来也与UQS有关。在过去6个月内进行过医疗咨询以及患有身体疾病在UQS组中更为常见。助眠药物和抗焦虑药物的使用情况较为重要：过去，16%的受试者服用过助眠药物，16.2%的受试者服用过抗焦虑药物。在调查时，9.9%的人群正在使用助眠药物，6.7%的人群正在使用抗焦虑药物。对于大多数人来说，催眠药物的使用是长期的：81.6%的人使用时间超过6个月。
