Caetano R, Tam T, Greenfield T, Cherpitel C, Midanik L
Alcohol Research Group, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.
Ann Epidemiol. 1997 Nov;7(8):542-9. doi: 10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00114-2.
This paper examines the relationship between alcohol dependence according to the criteria found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association and drinking in the U.S. general population.
The data set under analysis is the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, which interviewed a probability sample of 22,102 adult drinkers in the U.S. household population. The response rate was 86%.
Results indicate that there is a linear relationship between DSM-IV dependence and the mean number of drinks consumed per day, or the number of days drinking five or more glasses of alcohol in the past 12 months. Respondents who reported consuming five or more drinks in a day have about six times more chances of being dependent than respondents who did not report such pattern of drinking. Older drinkers are less at risk than younger drinkers.
There is a risk of alcohol dependence at relatively low volumes of consumption. The risk increases gradually with the volume of consumption. An added and higher risk exists when drinkers engage in a pattern of consumption involving the ingestion of five or more drinks per day.
本文根据美国精神病学协会《诊断与统计手册》第4版（DSM-IV）中的标准，研究酒精依赖与美国普通人群饮酒情况之间的关系。
所分析的数据集为1988年全国健康访谈调查，该调查对美国家庭人口中22102名成年饮酒者的概率样本进行了访谈。应答率为86%。
结果表明，DSM-IV酒精依赖与每日平均饮酒量，或过去12个月中饮酒5杯或更多杯的天数之间存在线性关系。报告每天饮酒5杯或更多杯的受访者出现酒精依赖的几率是未报告此类饮酒模式受访者的约6倍。年长饮酒者的风险低于年轻饮酒者。
在饮酒量相对较低时就存在酒精依赖风险。风险随饮酒量逐渐增加。当饮酒者每天饮酒5杯或更多杯时，会存在更高的额外风险。
