van Lier R J, Leeuwenberg E L, van der Helm P A
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
Psychol Res. 1997;60(3):134-43. doi: 10.1007/BF00419761.
The descriptive minimum principle states that the preferred interpretation of a pattern is reflected by the simplest representation of that pattern. Such a simplest representation generally has a hierarchical structure. The pattern component represented at the highest hierarchical level is said to constitute the "superstructure" of the pattern, and pattern components represented at lower levels are said to constitute the "subordinate" structure. The primed-matching paradigm has been employed in two experiments to test whether superstructures of three-dimensional objects are perceptually more dominant than subordinate structures. In the first experiment, the test pairs consisted of two-dimensional line drawings of three-dimensional objects; each prime was a two-dimensional face of such an object, corresponding to either the superstructure or the subordinate structure. Two priming conditions were employed. In the "literal" condition, the object face was presented as it appeared in the drawing of the object (physical similarity). In the "frontal" condition, the object face was presented in the frontal-parallel plane (representational similarity). Object matching was found to be facilitated more by priming superstructures than by priming subordinate structures. In the second experiment, the order was reversed; the test pairs were composed of the object faces and the object drawings wee taken as primes. Again, there were facilitating effects for both superstructures and subordinate structures, but this time without differentiation between superstructures and subordinate structures.
描述性最小原则指出，模式的首选解释由该模式的最简单表示反映出来。这样的最简单表示通常具有层次结构。在最高层次级别表示的模式组件被称为构成模式的“上层结构”，而在较低级别表示的模式组件被称为构成“从属”结构。在两个实验中采用了启动匹配范式，以测试三维物体的上层结构在感知上是否比从属结构更具主导性。在第一个实验中，测试对由三维物体的二维线条图组成；每个启动刺激都是该物体的二维面，对应于上层结构或从属结构。采用了两种启动条件。在“字面”条件下，物体面按其在物体图中出现的样子呈现（物理相似性）。在“正面”条件下，物体面在正平行平面中呈现（表征相似性）。发现启动上层结构比启动从属结构更有助于物体匹配。在第二个实验中，顺序颠倒；测试对由物体面组成，物体图被用作启动刺激。同样，上层结构和从属结构都有促进作用，但这次上层结构和从属结构之间没有差异。
