Mcnally R J
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1997 Nov 29;352(1362):1755-9. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1997.0158.
Experimental psychopathologists have identified varying patterns in memory bias in people with depressive and anxiety disorders. Individuals suffering from depression tend to exhibit explicit memory deficits for positively-valanced material, and sometimes exhibit biases for retrieving negative self-relevant information as well. Most studies, however, provide scant evidence for implicit memory biases in depression. In contrast to depression, anxiety disorders are rarely associated with enhanced explicit memory for threat-related information (with the exception of panic disorder). Evidence for implicit memory biases for threat in these syndromes is mixed. After providing an overview of findings on memory abnormalities in depressive and anxiety disorders, data from several new studies bearing on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Vietnam combat veterans and in women with histories of childhood sexual abuse are presented. Involving directed forgetting, implicit memory and autobiographical cueing paradigms, these experiments point to a pattern of abnormalities linked to PTSD rather than to trauma per se.
实验性心理病理学家已经确定了患有抑郁症和焦虑症的人群在记忆偏差方面存在不同模式。患有抑郁症的个体往往对积极情绪的材料表现出显性记忆缺陷，有时在检索与自我相关的负面信息时也会表现出偏差。然而，大多数研究几乎没有提供抑郁症中内隐记忆偏差的证据。与抑郁症相反，焦虑症很少与对威胁相关信息的显性记忆增强有关（惊恐障碍除外）。这些综合征中威胁的内隐记忆偏差的证据好坏参半。在概述了抑郁症和焦虑症记忆异常的研究结果后，展示了几项针对越战退伍军人和有童年性虐待史的女性创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的新研究数据。这些实验涉及定向遗忘、内隐记忆和自传线索范式，指出了一种与创伤后应激障碍相关而非与创伤本身相关的异常模式。
