Chen Y, Blanchard-Fields F
School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0170, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1997 Dec;12(4):694-703.
This study introduces an attributional processing approach to study age differences in dispositional attributions. Dispositional attributions made in the context of relationship vignettes were examined among younger and older adults in 2 conditions (immediate and delayed rating conditions). By using a direct assessment of a 2-step process for making dispositional attributions, it was inferred that a spontaneous adjustment stage occurred following an initial characterization stage as a function of age group and content of vignettes. Older adults made lower dispositional ratings if they were given more time to think about the situations than if asked to make an immediate judgment. By contrast, younger adults made higher dispositional ratings if they were given more time to make the judgments. Qualitative analyses of schemas elicited by a subsample of participants for each vignette suggested a relationship between dispositional attributional ratings and content-evoked schemas.
本研究引入了一种归因加工方法来研究特质归因中的年龄差异。在两种条件下（即时评分条件和延迟评分条件），对年轻和年长成年人在关系 vignette 情境中做出的特质归因进行了考察。通过对做出特质归因的两步过程进行直接评估，推断出作为年龄组和 vignette 内容的函数，在初始表征阶段之后会出现一个自发调整阶段。如果给年长成年人更多时间思考情境，他们给出的特质评分会比被要求立即做出判断时更低。相比之下，如果给年轻成年人更多时间做出判断，他们会给出更高的特质评分。对每个 vignette 的参与者子样本所引发的图式进行的定性分析表明，特质归因评分与内容引发的图式之间存在关联。
