Burger J, Gochfeld M
Nelson Biological Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8082, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1997 Nov;33(4):436-40. doi: 10.1007/s002449900274.
Concentrations of heavy metals and selenium were measured in the blood of adult and young herring (Larus argentatus) and Franklin's (Larus pipixcan) gulls collected during the same breeding season in colonies in the New York Bight and in northwestern Minnesota, respectively. Concentrations were expected to be higher in young herring gulls collected in an urban, industrialized area, compared to young Franklin's gulls collected in a relatively pristine prairie marsh. Exposure is similar for the fledgling and adult gulls because by the time the blood of young gulls is drawn both adults and young have been eating foods from the surrounding region for two months; leading to the prediction that metal levels should be similar in adults and young. However, young Franklin's gulls had significantly higher levels of arsenic, cadmium, and manganese than adults; adults had significantly higher levels of mercury and selenium. Young herring gulls had significantly higher concentrations of arsenic and selenium, but lower levels of lead than adult herring gulls. Interspecific comparisons indicated that young Franklin's gulls had significantly higher levels of cadmium than young herring gulls, and adult Franklin's gulls had higher levels of selenium and chromium than adult herring gulls, but for all other comparisons herring gulls had higher levels of metals in their blood. Young herring gulls chicks had higher arsenic, manganese, and selenium levels and lower cadmium and lead levels in 1993 than in 1994. Overall, the levels in the two species were usually within an order of magnitude.
分别在纽约湾的殖民地和明尼苏达州西北部，于同一繁殖季节采集了成年和幼年银鸥（Larus argentatus）以及富兰克林鸥（Larus pipixcan）的血液样本，测量其中重金属和硒的浓度。预计在城市工业化地区采集的幼年银鸥体内的浓度，会高于在相对原始的草原湿地采集的幼年富兰克林鸥。雏鸟和成鸟的暴露情况相似，因为在采集幼年海鸥血液时，成年海鸥和幼年海鸥已经食用周边地区的食物两个月了；由此预测成年海鸥和幼年海鸥体内的金属含量应该相似。然而，幼年富兰克林鸥体内的砷、镉和锰含量显著高于成年海鸥；成年海鸥体内的汞和硒含量显著更高。幼年银鸥体内的砷和硒含量显著更高，但铅含量低于成年银鸥。种间比较表明，幼年富兰克林鸥体内的镉含量显著高于幼年银鸥，成年富兰克林鸥体内的硒和铬含量高于成年银鸥，但在所有其他比较中，银鸥血液中的金属含量更高。1993年，幼年银鸥雏鸟体内的砷、锰和硒含量较高，镉和铅含量较低，而1994年则相反。总体而言，两个物种体内的含量通常在一个数量级以内。
