Steele R L
Am J Occup Ther. 1976 Jul;30(6):358-61.
A humanistic growth-oriented theory, specifically Maslow's need-satisfaction theory, was used as a basis for examining the contributions work and employment make toward rehabilitation of the state mental hospital patient. Research literature reviewed indicated that if the rehabilitation program is to be viable and optimally effective, satisfying the belongingness and esteem needs of the patient is important. Research that stresses the therapeutic benefit of work, as well as research that raises the issue of workshops inhibiting independence and fostering dependence are presented. Modifications of rehabilitation programs that resulted in reports of increased program effectiveness are discussed. Fundamental features of these alternative or ancillary programs were: 1. a definite structure that allows various levels of advancement; 2. group participation; 3. patient initiative; 4. an orientation that reflects the competitive nature of employment; and 5. early community involvement. The importance of evaluating each client's needs and planning for growth before his/her job placement is considered vital to the program and to the individual.
一种以人为本、注重成长的理论，具体而言即马斯洛的需求满足理论，被用作考察工作和就业对州立精神病院患者康复所做贡献的基础。所查阅的研究文献表明，如果康复项目要切实可行且达到最佳效果，满足患者的归属感和自尊需求至关重要。文中呈现了强调工作治疗益处的研究，以及提出车间抑制独立性并助长依赖性这一问题的研究。还讨论了能提高项目效果的康复项目修改方案。这些替代或辅助项目的基本特征包括：1. 具有明确结构，允许不同程度的进步；2. 群体参与；3. 患者主动性；4. 一种反映就业竞争性质的导向；5. 早期社区参与。在为每位客户安排工作之前评估其需求并规划成长，这对项目和个人都至关重要。
