Spannaus-Martin D J, Cook L R, Tanumihardjo S A, Duitsman P K, Olson J A
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Dec;51(12):864-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600503.
To determine the vitamin A and vitamin E statuses of socioeconomically disadvantaged preschool American children.
Cross-sectional study of preschool children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families.
Central Iowa, USA.
A group of 77 apparently healthy children was studied with the following characteristics: 5 mo-6 y; 37 males, 40 females, 56 non-Hispanic Caucasians, 3 Hispanics, 18 Afro-Americans.
Modified relative dose response (MRDR) test for vitamin A status assessment; serum retinol, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, and carotenoids; weight for age.
Although the mean weight for age was the 53rd percentile of the NCHS standard, a significant number of children (P = 0.006, chi(2)) were either markedly underweight or overweight. Ratios of 3,4-didehydroretinol to retinol (DR/R) were > 0.030, in 32% of the children. Mean serum retinol, alpha-tocopherol and cholesterol (+/- s.d.) were 1.09 +/- 0.23 microM/L, 16.8 +/- 6.3 microM/L and 4.01 +/- 0.8 microM/L. Three children (3.9%) showed a serum retinol value < 0.7 microM/L. One child with a serum retinol value < 0.7 microM/L and one additional child showed a ratio of alpha-tocopherol to cholesterol < 1.44 mumol/mmol. The mean alpha-tocopherol to cholesterol ratio for the group (4.31 +/- 1.71 mumol/mmol), however, was satisfactory. The only significant (P < or = 0.05) age-related changes were an increase in the serum cholesterol (P = 0.005) and decrease in the alpha-tocopherol to cholesterol ratio (P < 0.005) between the 0-2 y and the 2-4 y groups. Serum cholesterol (P = 0.0165, two-tailed) and lycopene (P = 0.004) concentrations of Afro-Americans were significantly higher than those of Caucasians. Median serum concentrations of alpha-carotene and beta-carotene were lower and, of lycopene higher than those found in children studied in a national survey. Serum carotenoid concentrations generally increased with age.
Larger percentages of underweight and overweight children and a significant degree (32%) of inadequate vitamin A status were found in this group of socioeconomically disadvantaged children. Afro-Americans showed higher serum cholesterol and lycopene concentrations than did Caucasians, but otherwise were nutritionally similar. Age-related changes were small. Of nutritional parameters considered, the vitamin A status of socioeconomically disadvantaged segments of our population clearly needs attention.
确定美国社会经济条件不利的学龄前儿童的维生素A和维生素E状况。
对社会经济条件不利家庭的学龄前儿童进行横断面研究。
美国爱荷华州中部。
一组77名看似健康的儿童，具有以下特征：年龄5个月至6岁；男性37名，女性40名，非西班牙裔白人56名，西班牙裔3名，非裔美国人18名。
采用改良相对剂量反应（MRDR）试验评估维生素A状况；检测血清视黄醇、α-生育酚、胆固醇和类胡萝卜素；测量年龄别体重。
尽管年龄别体重均值处于美国国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）标准的第53百分位数，但仍有相当数量的儿童（P = 0.006，卡方检验）明显体重过轻或超重。32%的儿童3,4-二脱氢视黄醇与视黄醇的比值（DR/R）> 0.030。血清视黄醇、α-生育酚和胆固醇的均值（±标准差）分别为1.09 ± 0.23 μmol/L、16.8 ± 6.3 μmol/L和4.01 ± 0.8 μmol/L。3名儿童（3.9%）的血清视黄醇值< 0.7 μmol/L。1名血清视黄醇值< 0.7 μmol/L的儿童和另1名儿童的α-生育酚与胆固醇比值< 1.44 μmol/mmol。然而，该组儿童的α-生育酚与胆固醇的平均比值（4.31 ± 1.71 μmol/mmol）是令人满意的。唯一显著的（P ≤ 0.05）与年龄相关的变化是，0至2岁组与2至4岁组相比，血清胆固醇升高（P = 0.005），α-生育酚与胆固醇比值降低（P < 0.005）。非裔美国人的血清胆固醇（P = 0.0165，双侧检验）和番茄红素（P = 0.004）浓度显著高于白人。α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素的血清中位数浓度低于全国调查中所研究儿童，而番茄红素的血清中位数浓度高于全国调查中所研究儿童。血清类胡萝卜素浓度一般随年龄增加。
在这组社会经济条件不利的儿童中，发现体重过轻和超重儿童的比例较大，且维生素A状况不足的比例较高（32%）。非裔美国人的血清胆固醇和番茄红素浓度高于白人，但在其他营养方面相似。与年龄相关的变化较小。在所考虑的营养参数中，我国社会经济条件不利人群的维生素A状况显然需要关注。
