Linossier M T, Dormois D, Perier C, Frey J, Geyssant A, Denis C
Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Etienne, France.
Acta Physiol Scand. 1997 Dec;161(4):439-45. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.00244.x.
The effect of sprint training and detraining on supramaximal performances was studied in relation to muscle enzyme adaptations in eight students trained four times a week for 9 weeks on a cycle ergometer. The subjects were tested for peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), maximal aerobic power (MAP) and maximal short-term power output (Wmax) before and after training and after 7 weeks of detraining. During these periods, biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis muscle for the determination of creatine kinase (CK), adenylate kinase (AK), glycogen phosphorylase (PHOS), hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isozymes, 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) and citrate synthase (CS) activities. Training induced large improvements in Wmax (28%) with slight increases (3%) in VO2peak (P < 0.10). This was associated with a greater glycolytic potential as shown by higher activities for PHOS (9%), PFK (17%) and LDH (31%) after training, without changes in CK and oxidative markers (CS and HAD). Detraining induced significant decreases in VO2peak (4%), MAP (5%) and oxidative markers (10-16%), while Wmax and the anaerobic potential were maintained at a high level. This suggests a high level in supramaximal power output as a result of a muscle glycogenolytic and glycolytic adaptation. A long interruption in training has negligible effects on short-sprint ability and muscle anaerobic potential. On the other hand, a persistent training stimulus is required to maintain high aerobic capacity and muscle oxidative potential. This may contribute to a rapid return to competitive fitness for sprinters and power athletes.
在八名学生中，研究了短跑训练和停训对超最大运动表现的影响，并将其与肌肉酶适应性相关联。这些学生每周在自行车测力计上训练四次，持续9周。在训练前、训练后以及停训7周后，对受试者进行了峰值摄氧量（VO2peak）、最大有氧功率（MAP）和最大短期功率输出（Wmax）测试。在此期间，从股外侧肌取活检样本，以测定肌酸激酶（CK）、腺苷酸激酶（AK）、糖原磷酸化酶（PHOS）、己糖激酶（HK）、磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及其同工酶、3-羟基酰基辅酶A脱氢酶（HAD）和柠檬酸合酶（CS）的活性。训练使Wmax大幅提高（28%），VO2peak略有增加（3%）（P < 0.10）。这与更大的糖酵解潜力相关，训练后PHOS（9%）、PFK（17%）和LDH（31%）活性更高，而CK和氧化标志物（CS和HAD）没有变化。停训导致VO2peak显著下降（4%）、MAP下降（5%）和氧化标志物下降（10 - 16%），而Wmax和无氧潜力维持在较高水平。这表明由于肌肉糖原分解和糖酵解适应，超最大功率输出处于较高水平。长时间中断训练对短跑能力和肌肉无氧潜力的影响可忽略不计。另一方面，需要持续的训练刺激来维持高有氧能力和肌肉氧化潜力。这可能有助于短跑运动员和力量型运动员迅速恢复竞技状态。
