Horn J M, Plomin R, Rosenman R
Behav Genet. 1976 Jan;6(1):17-30. doi: 10.1007/BF01065675.
Personality test data from the California Psychological Inventory were collected on 99 pairs of identical and 99 pairs of fraternal adult male twins. Heritabilities were comuted for all 18 scales and compared to the heritabilities for "pure" scales with overlapping items omitted. Two of the pure scales, Responsibility and Femininity, had zero heritabilities, whereas all of the full scales had moderate to high heritabilities. It was concluded that item overlap has contributed significantly to previous failures to find evidence for the differential heritability of personality traits as measured by the CPI. CPI items were classified into genetic or environmental categories and separate factor analyses of items in these categories revealed more differences than similarities in factor structure. The genetic personality factors included Conversational Poise, Compulsiveness, and Social Ease. Environmental factors included Confidence in Leadership, Impulse Control, Philosophical Attitudes, Intellectual Interest, and Exhibitionism. Compared to the genetic factors, each of the environmental factors accounted for only a very small percentage of the variance.
研究收集了99对同卵成年男性双胞胎和99对异卵成年男性双胞胎的加利福尼亚心理调查表的人格测试数据。计算了所有18个量表的遗传率，并将其与剔除重叠项目后的“纯”量表的遗传率进行比较。其中两个纯量表，即责任感量表和女性气质量表，遗传率为零，而所有完整量表的遗传率为中等至高度。研究得出结论，项目重叠是导致先前未能找到证据证明由加利福尼亚心理调查表测量的人格特质存在差异遗传率的重要原因。将加利福尼亚心理调查表的项目分为遗传或环境类别，对这些类别中的项目进行单独的因素分析，结果显示在因素结构上差异多于相似之处。遗传人格因素包括谈话风度、强迫性和社交自在性。环境因素包括对领导力的信心、冲动控制、哲学态度、智力兴趣和暴露癖。与遗传因素相比，每个环境因素仅占方差的很小百分比。
