Nencini P
Institute of Medical Pharmacology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
Subst Use Misuse. 1997 Dec;32(14):2111-9. doi: 10.3109/10826089709035623.
Evidence of a ritual use of poppies becomes more and more rare during the late Roman age, until only the medical usage of poppies seems to survive. In the meantime, a complete lack of evidence of a hedonic use of opium persists. As a whole, this study shows a remarkable continuity in the modalities of wine and poppy derivative use from the Ancient World to the present, particularly in that the hedonic use of psychoactive drugs remained restricted to alcoholic beverages. This observation challenges the opinion that drug-taking behavior is under the control of transient cultural contingencies. In addition, it imputes that the attribution of any documented prehistoric or historical nonmedical use of psychotropic drugs for the aim of experimenting with their pleasant effects is a stereotype.
在罗马帝国后期，罂粟用于仪式的证据越来越稀少，直到似乎只有罂粟的药用留存了下来。与此同时，完全缺乏鸦片用于享乐目的的证据。总体而言，这项研究表明，从古代到现代，葡萄酒和罂粟衍生物的使用方式有着显著的连续性，特别是精神活性药物用于享乐的情况仍仅限于酒精饮料。这一观察结果挑战了吸毒行为受短暂文化偶然性控制的观点。此外，它还认为，将任何有记录的史前或历史上精神药物的非医疗用途归因于体验其愉悦效果的实验是一种刻板印象。
