Spatial aspects of reproduced sound in small rooms.

This paper reports on the influence of individual reflections on the auditory spatial aspects of reproduced sound. The sound field produced by a single loudspeaker positioned in a normal listening room has been simulated using an electroacoustical synthesis of the direct sound, 17 individual reflections and the reverberant field. The threshold of detection was measured using the method of adjustment for five reflections using three subjects for noise and speech. The thresholds have been measured for two simulated situations (1) a loudspeaker with a frequency independent directivity characteristics and frequency independent absorption coefficients of the room surfaces and (2) a loudspeaker with directivity similar to a standard two-way system and absorption coefficients according to measurements of real materials. The results have shown that subjects can reliably distinguish between timbre and spatial aspect of the sound field, that the spectral energy above 2 kHz of the individual reflection determines the importance of the reflection for the spatial aspects, and that only the first order floor reflection will contribute to the spatial aspects.