Sullivan J T, Galvan A G, Lares R R
Biology Department, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas 78209, USA.
J Invertebr Pathol. 1998 Jan;71(1):1-8. doi: 10.1006/jipa.1997.4699.
Interpretation of prior studies on molluscan allografts is complicated by the variety of experimental methods used and recurring reports of acute rejection of digestive gland implants. In this study, allografts of adult digestive gland, saccular kidney, mantle, albumin gland, brain, ovotestis, heart, or amoebocyte-producing organ (APO) were implanted into the hemocoel of Biomphalaria glabrata snails, and their histological condition at 60 days post implantation (DPI) was compared with that of preimplantation tissues. Also, digestive gland tissue, still surrounded by body wall, was implanted from immature donors and examined at 120 DPI. All 60-day allografts maintained some degree of normal cell and tissue structure, and most displayed additional evidence of viability, i.e., contraction (heart), hyperplasia (APO), gametogenesis (ovotestis), secretion (albumin gland, digestive gland, and kidney), shell deposition (mantle), or neuroma formation (brain). Recipient hemocytic reaction was minimal or absent, except that in three of six ovotestis implants and five of seven digestive gland implants, variable numbers of acini were undergoing phagocytosis by hemocytes or had been reduced to granulomas. Among seven implants examined at 120 DPI, digestive gland acini were found in five (with one instance of hemocytic encapsulation). Thus, in this study, acute rejection of allografts did not occur. Although the observed hemocytic reactions could be viewed as evidence of chronic graft rejection, the inconsistent and protracted nature of these responses suggests instead that they represent resorption of degenerating tissue damaged by nonimmunological effects, e.g., mechanical trauma, heterotopic location, or autolysis.
先前关于软体动物同种异体移植的研究解读因所使用的实验方法多样以及消化腺植入物急性排斥反应的反复报道而变得复杂。在本研究中，将成年消化腺、囊状肾、外套膜、白蛋白腺、脑、卵精巢、心脏或产变形细胞器官（APO）的同种异体移植到光滑双脐螺的血腔中，并将植入后60天（DPI）时它们的组织学状况与植入前组织的状况进行比较。此外，从未成熟供体植入仍被体壁包围的消化腺组织，并在120 DPI时进行检查。所有60天的同种异体移植都维持了一定程度的正常细胞和组织结构，并且大多数显示出存活的额外证据，即收缩（心脏）、增生（APO）、配子发生（卵精巢）、分泌（白蛋白腺、消化腺和肾）、贝壳沉积（外套膜）或神经瘤形成（脑）。受体血细胞反应轻微或不存在，除了六个卵精巢植入物中的三个以及七个消化腺植入物中的五个，有不同数量的腺泡正在被血细胞吞噬或已缩小为肉芽肿。在120 DPI检查的七个植入物中，在五个中发现了消化腺腺泡（有一例血细胞包囊形成）。因此，在本研究中，同种异体移植未发生急性排斥反应。尽管观察到的血细胞反应可被视为慢性移植排斥反应的证据，但这些反应的不一致性和持久性反而表明它们代表了因非免疫效应（如机械创伤、异位定位或自溶）受损的退化组织的吸收。
