Hegerl U, Möller H J
Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
Int Psychogeriatr. 1997;9 Suppl 1:237-46; discussion 247-52. doi: 10.1017/s1041610297004948.
Electroencephalography is the only diagnostic instrument directly reflecting cortical neuronal functioning, and it remains an important clinical tool in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a normal EEG is found in many patients with mild AD, a pathological EEG is an important finding, because such a result is not in line with differential diagnoses such as depression or pseudodementia within a dissociative disorder. The vast majority of patients with moderate to severe AD have a pathological EEG. A normal EEG in this patient group is more in line with subcortical dementia or frontal lobe degeneration than with AD. Compared to SPECT or routine structural brain imaging (cCT, MRT), EEG has a comparable diagnosis sensitivity and a higher specificity. For monitoring changes of brain function by serial recordings (e.g., during therapy with antidementia drugs), EEG is the best available method.
脑电图是唯一直接反映皮层神经元功能的诊断工具，并且它仍然是阿尔茨海默病（AD）诊断和鉴别诊断中的一项重要临床工具。虽然许多轻度AD患者的脑电图是正常的，但病理性脑电图是一项重要发现，因为这样的结果不符合诸如分离性障碍中的抑郁或假性痴呆等鉴别诊断。绝大多数中重度AD患者有病理性脑电图。该患者群体中脑电图正常更符合皮层下痴呆或额叶变性，而非AD。与单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）或常规结构性脑成像（计算机断层扫描（cCT）、磁共振成像（MRT））相比，脑电图具有相当的诊断敏感性和更高的特异性。对于通过系列记录（例如在抗痴呆药物治疗期间）监测脑功能变化，脑电图是现有的最佳方法。
