Ryan R M, Kuhl J, Deci E L
University of Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 1997 Fall;9(4):701-28. doi: 10.1017/s0954579497001405.
The concepts of self-regulation and autonomy are examined within an organizational framework. We begin by retracing the historical origins of the organizational viewpoint in early debates within the field of biology between vitalists and reductionists, from which the construct of self-regulation emerged. We then consider human autonomy as an evolved behavioral, developmental, and experiential phenomenon that operates at both neurobiological and psychological levels and requires very specific supports within higher order social organizations. We contrast autonomy or true self-regulation with controlling regulation (a nonautonomous form of intentional behavior) in phenomenological and functional terms, and we relate the forms of regulation to the developmental processes of intrinsic motivation and internalization. Subsequently, we describe how self-regulation versus control may be characterized by distinct neurobiological underpinnings, and we speculate about some of the adaptive advantages that may underlie the evolution of autonomy. Throughout, we argue that disturbances of autonomy, which have both biological and psychological etiologies, are central to many forms of psychopathology and social alienation.
自我调节和自主性的概念在一个组织框架内进行审视。我们首先追溯组织观点在生物学领域活力论者与还原论者早期辩论中的历史起源，自我调节的概念即从中产生。然后我们将人类自主性视为一种进化而来的行为、发展和体验现象，它在神经生物学和心理层面都发挥作用，并且在高阶社会组织中需要非常特定的支持。我们从现象学和功能角度将自主性或真正的自我调节与控制性调节（一种非自主性的有意行为形式）进行对比，并将调节形式与内在动机和内化的发展过程联系起来。随后，我们描述自我调节与控制如何可能由不同的神经生物学基础所表征，并推测自主性进化背后可能存在的一些适应性优势。贯穿全文，我们认为自主性的紊乱，其病因既有生物学的也有心理学的，是许多形式的精神病理学和社会疏离的核心。
