Ensminger M E, Anthony J C, McCord J
Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1997 Dec 15;48(3):175-84. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(97)00124-5.
Although scientific and policy statements regarding drugs often suggest that there are grave problems of drug use within America's inner cities, the evidence that supports these statements is often based on anecdotal or incomplete data. This study of African-American adults from the Woodlawn study followed longitudinally partially fills that gap, at least for learning more about those who spend some or all of their childhood within an inner city neighborhood. We found few differences between the lifetime prevalence of drug use and a national representative sample of adults of the same age range. Furthermore, a national household survey of African-Americans of similar age living in six central cities also reported low lifetime rates of illicit drug use. Nevertheless, those from the Woodlawn cohort had higher rates of use of illicit drugs in the past year than the national sample, especially those still living in areas with high rates of poverty. Additionally, reports of heavy drug trafficking were much greater in the inner city areas than in the suburbs.
尽管有关毒品的科学和政策声明常常表明美国内城区存在严重的毒品使用问题，但支持这些声明的证据往往基于轶事或不完整的数据。这项对来自伍德劳恩研究的非裔美国成年人进行的纵向跟踪研究至少在一定程度上填补了这一空白，即有助于更多地了解那些在城市内城区度过部分或全部童年的人。我们发现，在毒品使用的终生患病率方面，与同一年龄段的全国代表性成年人样本相比几乎没有差异。此外，一项对居住在六个中心城市的类似年龄非裔美国人进行的全国家庭调查也报告称，非法药物使用的终生率较低。然而，伍德劳恩队列中的人在过去一年中非法药物使用率高于全国样本，尤其是那些仍生活在贫困率高的地区的人。此外，内城区的毒品 trafficking 报告比郊区多得多。 （注：“drug trafficking”常见释义为“毒品 trafficking” ，这里结合语境可能是“毒品贩运” ，但原英文表述有误，推测正确表述应该是“drug trafficking” ，即毒品贩运 ）
