Cwick Jaclyn M, Doherty Elaine Eggleston
School of Criminal Justice, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA.
J Crime Justice. 2018;41(5):463-482. doi: 10.1080/0735648x.2018.1496846. Epub 2018 Aug 1.
The consistency of the finding that neighboring ties produce social control has been challenged in recent work, leading to more nuanced theorizing. Negotiated coexistence theory posits that neighboring ties between criminal and non-criminal residents reduce social control by increasing the negotiating power of the criminal element. The present study tests whether criminal context moderates the relationship between neighboring and victimization. The effect of neighboring, criminal context, and their interaction on victimization outcomes is estimated while controlling for neighborhood disadvantage using ordinary least squares regression among an urban African American cohort. In support of negotiated coexistence theory, findings show that involvement in neighboring within a criminal context is associated with higher violent victimization among men in young adulthood, while neighboring within a non-criminal context is associated with lower young men's violent victimization. Yet, this relationship does not hold for men in midlife. In contrast, neighboring is associated with lower property victimization regardless of criminal context for women, in line with social disorganization theory; yet, this relationship was only evident in midlife with no such relationship emerging in young adulthood.
邻里关系产生社会控制这一发现的一致性在近期研究中受到了挑战，从而引发了更细致入微的理论探讨。协商共存理论认为，犯罪居民与非犯罪居民之间的邻里关系会因增强犯罪分子的谈判能力而削弱社会控制。本研究检验犯罪环境是否会调节邻里关系与受害情况之间的关系。在控制邻里劣势的情况下，使用普通最小二乘法回归对城市非裔美国人群体中的邻里关系、犯罪环境及其相互作用对受害结果的影响进行了估计。支持协商共存理论的研究结果表明，在犯罪环境中参与邻里活动与青年男性更高的暴力受害率相关，而在非犯罪环境中参与邻里活动则与青年男性较低的暴力受害率相关。然而，这种关系在中年男性中并不成立。相比之下，无论犯罪环境如何，邻里关系与女性较低的财产受害率相关，这与社会失序理论一致；然而，这种关系仅在中年时明显，在青年时期并未出现这种关系。
