Lôo H, Olié J P, Poirier M F, Amado I
Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Santé Mentale et de Thérapeutique Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 1997 Jun-Jul;181(6):1089-101; discussion 1101-4.
Behavioural modifications induced by psychotropic drugs results primarily from their pharmacological properties. According to classification of psychotropic drugs, sedative compounds contrast with psychostimulating medications. Behavioural effects of psychotropic drugs depend on dosing, subject's status (patient or healthy volunteer), acute or chronic administration, and environment. Some psychotropic compounds, particularly sedative drugs, decrease the level of mental alertness and cognitive functioning. But those deleterious effects tend to disappear during the course of a repeated administration. Some psychotropic drugs, especially benzodiazepines, induce a tolerance effect, eventually a psychic or a physiological dependence state evidenced by withdrawal reactions. Such similar dependence processes have been reported with other psychotropic drugs. Forensic problems have been attributed to some psychotropic compounds, like benzodiazepines: paradoxical aggressive reactions, psychomotor automatism; Psychotropic drugs usually can confer a positive effect on behaviour owing to their therapeutic action by the way of improving the illness and consequently the life of patients in the cases of depression, anxiety or schizophrenia.
精神药物引起的行为改变主要源于其药理特性。根据精神药物的分类,镇静化合物与精神刺激药物形成对比。精神药物的行为效应取决于剂量、受试者状态(患者或健康志愿者)、急性或慢性给药以及环境。一些精神药物,特别是镇静药物,会降低精神警觉性和认知功能水平。但这些有害影响在重复给药过程中往往会消失。一些精神药物,尤其是苯二氮䓬类药物,会产生耐受性效应,最终会出现戒断反应所证明的精神或生理依赖状态。其他精神药物也有类似的依赖过程报道。法医问题与一些精神药物有关,如苯二氮䓬类药物:反常的攻击反应、精神运动自动症;在抑郁症、焦虑症或精神分裂症等病例中,精神药物通常因其治疗作用,通过改善疾病从而改善患者生活,对行为产生积极影响。