Page J B
University of Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Med Anthropol. 1997 Dec;18(1):13-33. doi: 10.1080/01459740.1997.9966148.
Overwhelming evidence from all over the world confirms that needle exchange programs (NEPs) in widely varied forms have value in prevention of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs). Unfortunately, the United States has relatively few active NEPs because of political opposition to adoption of any policy that would give the appearance of condoning use of illegal drugs. Some additional opposition comes from the affected communities themselves. NEPs that assiduously construct links with affected communities have highest probabilities of effectiveness. Studies of NEPs, with some notable exceptions, still lack anthropological evaluations of their impact, and this deficiency needs more attention in future efforts to frame, implement, and evaluate NEPs.
来自世界各地的大量证据证实，各种形式的针头交换项目（NEPs）对于预防注射吸毒者（IDUs）感染艾滋病毒具有价值。不幸的是，由于政治上反对采取任何可能给人以纵容非法药物使用表象的政策，美国实际运行的针头交换项目相对较少。另外一些反对意见来自受影响的社区本身。积极与受影响社区建立联系的针头交换项目最有可能取得成效。除了一些明显的例外情况，对针头交换项目的研究仍缺乏对其影响的人类学评估，在未来制定、实施和评估针头交换项目的工作中，这一缺陷需要得到更多关注。
