Kerr C G, Trappe T A, Starling R D, Trappe S W
Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Jan;30(1):99-104. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199801000-00014.
The purpose of this project was to determine whether mild heat stress induced by wearing a wet suit while swimming in relatively warm water (25.4 +/- 0.1 degrees C) increases the risk of heat injury during the cycling and running stages of an International distance triathlon in a hot and humid environment (32 degrees C and 65% RH). Five male triathletes randomly completed two simulated triathlons (swim = 30 min; bike = 40 km; run = 10 km) in the laboratory using a swimming flume, cycle ergometer, and running treadmill. In both trials, all conditions were identical, except for the swimming portion in which a neoprene wet suit was worn during one trial (WS) and a swimming suit during the other (SS). The swim portion consisted of a 30-min standardized swim in which oxygen consumption (VO2) was replicated, regardless of WS or SS. During the cycling and running stages, however, the subjects were asked to complete the distances as fast as possible. Core temperature (Tc) was not significantly different between the SS and WS trials at any time point during the triathlon. However, mean skin temperature (Tsk) and mean body temperature (Tb) were higher (P < 0.05) in the WS at 15 (Tsk = +4.1 degrees C, Tb = +1.5 degrees C) and 30 min (Tsk = +4 degrees C, Tb = +1.6 degrees C) of the swim. These Tsk and Tb differences were eliminated by 15 min of the cycling stage and remained similar (P > 0.05) through the end of the triathlon. Moreover, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in VO2, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), or thermal sensation (TS) between the WS and SS. Additionally, no significant differences were found in cycling (SS = 1:14:46 +/- 2:48 vs WS = 1:14:37 +/- 2:54 min), running (SS = 55:40 +/- 1:49 vs WS = 57:20 +/- 4:00 min), or total triathlon times (SS = 2:40:26 +/- 1:58 vs WS = 2:41:57 +/- 1:37 min). These data indicate that wearing a wet suit during the swimming stage of an international distance triathlon in 25.4 degrees C water does not adversely affect the thermoregulatory responses of the triathlete on the subsequent cycling and running stages.
本项目的目的是确定在相对温暖的水中（25.4±0.1摄氏度）游泳时穿着潜水衣引起的轻度热应激是否会增加在炎热潮湿环境（32摄氏度，相对湿度65%）下进行国际距离铁人三项赛的骑行和跑步阶段热损伤的风险。五名男性铁人三项运动员在实验室中使用游泳水槽、自行车测力计和跑步机随机完成了两次模拟铁人三项赛（游泳=30分钟；自行车=40公里；跑步=10公里）。在两次试验中，所有条件均相同，除了游泳部分，其中一次试验（WS）穿着氯丁橡胶潜水衣，另一次试验（SS）穿着泳衣。游泳部分包括30分钟的标准化游泳，在此期间无论WS还是SS，耗氧量（VO2）都被复制。然而，在骑行和跑步阶段，要求受试者尽快完成规定距离。在铁人三项赛的任何时间点，SS和WS试验之间的核心温度（Tc）均无显著差异。然而，在游泳15分钟（Tsk=+4.1摄氏度，Tb=+1.5摄氏度）和30分钟（Tsk=+4摄氏度，Tb=+1.6摄氏度）时，WS组的平均皮肤温度（Tsk）和平均体温（Tb）更高（P<0.05）。这些Tsk和Tb的差异在骑行阶段15分钟时消除，并在铁人三项赛结束时保持相似（P>0.05）。此外，WS和SS之间在VO2、心率（HR）、主观用力程度分级（RPE）或热感觉（TS）方面没有差异（P>0.05）。此外，在骑行（SS=1:14:46±2:48对WS=1:14:37±2:54分钟）、跑步（SS=55:40±1:49对WS=57:20±4:00分钟）或总铁人三项赛时间（SS=2:40:26±1:58对WS=2:41:57±1:37分钟）方面未发现显著差异。这些数据表明，在25.4摄氏度的水中进行国际距离铁人三项赛的游泳阶段时穿着潜水衣不会对铁人三项运动员在随后的骑行和跑步阶段的体温调节反应产生不利影响。
