Ryan A J
Sports Medicine Enterprise, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Clin Sports Med. 1998 Jan;17(1):155-68. doi: 10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70070-3.
A review of the available records indicates that there have been a substantial number of fatalities in primarily professional but also amateur boxers due to intracranial injuries sustained in the ring in comparison to the numbers of boxers at risk. The number of such fatalities has decreased steadily in recent years owing to different measures taken by boxing authorities to decrease the physical hazards in the ring and to improve monitoring of boxers during bouts by referees and physicians. The considerable concern about the long-term effects of repeated brain injury as the result of boxing in producing chronic encephalopathy is adequately justified by the many studies of live boxers and pathologic examinations of brains of former boxers made and recorded over the years since 1952. These indicate clearly a significant relationship between the numbers of bouts fought and the presence and severity of chronic encephalopathy.
对现有记录的回顾表明，与处于危险中的拳击手数量相比，主要是职业拳击手手但也包括业余拳击手，因在拳击台上遭受颅内损伤而导致的死亡人数相当可观。近年来，由于拳击管理机构采取了不同措施来降低拳击台上的身体危险，并改善裁判和医生在比赛期间对拳击手的监测，此类死亡人数稳步下降。自1952年以来的多年里，对现役拳击手的大量研究以及对前拳击手大脑的病理检查充分证明了人们对拳击造成的反复脑损伤产生慢性脑病的长期影响的高度关注是合理的。这些研究清楚地表明了比赛场次与慢性脑病的存在及严重程度之间存在显著关系。
