Ryan A J
Sports Medicine Enterprise, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Clin Sports Med. 1987 Jan;6(1):31-40.
A review of the available records indicates that there have been a substantial number of fatalities in boxers due to intracranial injuries sustained in the ring in comparison to the numbers engaged at both amateur and professional levels. The number of such fatalities has decreased steadily in recent years owing to different measures taken by boxing authorities to decrease the physical hazards in the ring and to improve monitoring of boxers during bouts by referees and physicians. The considerable concern about the long-term effects of repeated brain injury as the result of boxing in producing chronic encephalopathy is adequately justified by the many studies of live boxers and pathologic examinations of brains of former boxers made and recorded over the years since 1952. These indicate clearly a significant relationship between the numbers of bouts fought and the presence of severity of chronic encephalopathy. Because it is unlikely that currently adopted protective measures will substantially reduce these hazards, even though they have apparently reduced direct fatalities, a reasonable approach to prevention would be to reduce the number and severity of blows to the head. This might be done by making any blow to the head in boxing a foul and a reason for disqualification. Another approach would be the elimination of boxing.
对现有记录的审查表明，与业余和职业拳击运动员的参赛人数相比，拳击运动员在拳台上因颅内损伤而死亡的人数相当可观。近年来，由于拳击管理机构采取了不同措施来降低拳台上的身体危险，并改善裁判和医生在比赛期间对拳击运动员的监测，此类死亡人数稳步下降。自1952年以来的多年里，对现役拳击运动员的大量研究以及对退役拳击运动员大脑的病理检查充分证明了人们对拳击运动中反复脑损伤导致慢性脑病的长期影响的高度关注是合理的。这些研究清楚地表明，比赛场次与慢性脑病的严重程度之间存在显著关系。由于目前采用的保护措施不太可能大幅降低这些危险，尽管它们显然减少了直接死亡人数，但合理的预防方法是减少头部打击的次数和力度。这可以通过将拳击比赛中任何头部打击判定为犯规并作为取消资格的理由来实现。另一种方法是取消拳击运动。
