Farry S C, Henke S E, Anderson A M, Fearneyhough M G
Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville 78363, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 1998 Jan;34(1):13-22. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.13.
The objective of this study was to develop a bait for delivering an oral rabies vaccine to free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans) in southern Texas. Captive trials were conducted from January to April, 1994, to determine bait preferences and behavioral responses of coyotes (n = 42) to selected baits and attractants. Baits were hollow rectangular cubes made of polymer dog food or fish meal. Attractants had sweet (watermelon), fruity (raspberry), sulfurous (synthetic WU), and lard (beef lard) fragrances. Captive coyotes did not exhibit a preference for either bait bases or attractants; however, coyotes chewed dog food baits 1.6 times more than fish meal baits. Average proximity of coyotes eliciting a response to baits was 2.2 +/- 1.3 m (mean +/- SE). Captive coyotes readily accepted dog food baits containing 2 ml of liquid rhodamine B, a biological marker. Rhodamine B staining of the oropharyngeal region was evident in each captive coyote. Results from the field evaluation of baits and attractants were consistent with that of the captive trials. Of 2,070 bait station-nights conducted from February to April, 1994, coyotes comprised the greatest single species visitation and uptake rates with 31% and 28%, respectively. Bait uptake rates of free-ranging coyotes did not differ among bait-attractant combinations. Coyotes took baits 93% of the time they encountered a bait, regardless of bait type.
本研究的目的是开发一种诱饵，用于向得克萨斯州南部的野生郊狼（犬属草原狼）投喂口服狂犬病疫苗。1994年1月至4月进行了圈养试验，以确定42只郊狼对选定诱饵和引诱剂的诱饵偏好及行为反应。诱饵是由聚合物狗粮或鱼粉制成的空心长方体。引诱剂有甜味（西瓜味）、果味（树莓味）、硫磺味（合成WU）和猪油味（牛肉猪油味）。圈养的郊狼对诱饵基质或引诱剂均未表现出偏好；然而，郊狼咀嚼狗粮诱饵的次数是鱼粉诱饵的1.6倍。引发对诱饵反应的郊狼的平均接近距离为2.2±1.3米（平均值±标准误）。圈养的郊狼欣然接受了含有2毫升液体罗丹明B（一种生物标志物）的狗粮诱饵。每只圈养郊狼的口咽区域均有明显的罗丹明B染色。诱饵和引诱剂的野外评估结果与圈养试验结果一致。在1994年2月至4月进行的2070个诱饵站夜间试验中，郊狼的单次物种访问量和摄取率最高，分别为31%和28%。野生郊狼对不同诱饵-引诱剂组合的诱饵摄取率没有差异。无论诱饵类型如何，郊狼在遇到诱饵时，93%的情况下会摄取诱饵。
