Ortega R M, Requejo A M, López-Sobaler A M, Andrés P, Quintas M E, Navia B, Izquierdo M, Rivas T
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Feb;17(1):19-24. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1998.10718731.
To evaluate the breakfast intake of calcium and milk products and to determine whether these correlate with total intake of both calcium and milk products.
Food taken at breakfast and throughout the day was recorded using a 7 consecutive day food record in 200 schoolchildren aged between 9 and 13 years.
65.3% of boys and 80.5% of girls showed intakes of calcium which were lower than recommended. Milk products were the foods most frequently included in breakfast (95.5% of subjects included them in this meal). A relationship was seen between energy provided by breakfast and the quantities of milk products (r = 0.5735) and calcium (r = 0.6908) taken at this meal. A relationship was also seen between energy provided by breakfast and daily intake of milk products (r = 0.4633) and calcium (r = 0.4954). The percentage of intakes of calcium lower than those recommended decreased when breakfast provided > or = 20% of total energy intake, and when the consumption of milk products at breakfast was greater than the 50th percentile (200 ml). Subjects with breakfast milk product intakes > or = 200 ml showed higher intakes of the same over the rest of the day (233.3 +/-140.4 g) than did those who took lesser quantities of these foods at breakfast (161.5 +/- 100.6 g). Further, those who took > or = 25% of the recommended intake of calcium at breakfast showed greater intakes of the same over the rest of the day (600.4 +/- 213.8 mg compared to 510.8 +/- 200.7 mg in subjects with lower calcium intakes).
The intake of milk products (r = 0.7587) and calcium (r = 0.7223) at breakfast correlates with the consumption of these foods in the whole diet. However, the total daily intake of milk products and calcium does not depend solely on breakfast intake. Subjects with the greatest intakes at breakfast also showed greater intakes over the rest of the day (r = 0.3953 for milk products and r = 0.4122 for calcium).
评估早餐中钙和奶制品的摄入量，并确定这些摄入量是否与钙和奶制品的总摄入量相关。
采用连续7天的饮食记录，记录了200名9至13岁学童早餐及全天摄入的食物。
65.3%的男孩和80.5%的女孩钙摄入量低于推荐量。奶制品是早餐中最常包含的食物（95.5%的受试者在这一餐中摄入了奶制品）。早餐提供的能量与该餐摄入的奶制品量（r = 0.5735）和钙量（r = 0.6908）之间存在关联。早餐提供的能量与奶制品的每日摄入量（r = 0.4633）和钙的每日摄入量（r = 0.4954）之间也存在关联。当早餐提供的能量≥总能量摄入量的20%，且早餐奶制品摄入量高于第50百分位数（200毫升）时，钙摄入量低于推荐量的百分比会降低。早餐奶制品摄入量≥200毫升的受试者在一天中其余时间的奶制品摄入量（233.3±140.4克）高于早餐摄入量较少的受试者（161.5±100.6克）。此外，早餐钙摄入量≥推荐摄入量25%的受试者在一天中其余时间的钙摄入量更高（600.4±213.8毫克，而钙摄入量较低的受试者为510.8±200.7毫克）。
早餐中奶制品（r = 0.7587）和钙（r = 0.7223）的摄入量与这些食物在整个饮食中的摄入量相关。然而，奶制品和钙的每日总摄入量并不完全取决于早餐摄入量。早餐摄入量最高的受试者在一天中其余时间的摄入量也更高（奶制品r = 0.3953，钙r = 0.4122）。
