Marshall Teresa A, Eichenberger Gilmore Julie M, Broffitt Barbara, Stumbo Phyllis J, Levy Steven M
Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, N335 Dental Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2005 Feb;24(1):65-75. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2005.10719445.
Replacement of milk with sugar-containing beverages could affect calcium intake and overall diet quality.
To describe dairy food, 100% juice and added sugar beverage intakes, contributions of dairy foods to diet quality, and effects of beverages on diet quality in young children.
We surveyed participants in the Iowa Fluoride Study (n = 645) at ages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years and calculated intakes for 1-5 years (i.e. weighted averages). Nutrient, dairy food and beverage intakes were obtained from 3-day diaries; nutrient adequacy ratios were calculated as the nutrient intake to Recommended Dietary Allowance/Adequate Intake ratio; and dairy-dependent percentages were calculated as fractions of total diet nutrient adequacy ratios (truncated at 1) not met by non-dairy foods.
Milk intakes were inversely associated with intakes of juice drinks (2, 4, 5 and 1-5 years), soda pop (2, 3, 4, 5 and 1-5 years) and added sugar beverages (2, 3, 4, 5 and 1-5 years). Dairy dependent fractions of 1-5 year nutrient adequacy ratios were 68% for calcium and 61% for vitamin D. Higher 1-5 year calcium adequacy was predicted by higher energy, higher other dairy and lower added sugar beverage intakes while higher vitamin D adequacy was predicted by higher energy and higher other dairy intakes. Overall diet quality was predicted by higher energy, higher other dairy, lower 100% juice and lower added sugar beverage intakes.
Dairy foods remain an important source of calcium and vitamin D, while added sugar beverages and, to a lesser extent, 100% juice decrease diet quality of young children.
用含糖饮料替代牛奶可能会影响钙的摄入量和整体饮食质量。
描述幼儿的乳制品、100%果汁和添加糖饮料的摄入量，乳制品对饮食质量的贡献，以及饮料对幼儿饮食质量的影响。
我们对爱荷华氟研究（n = 645）中1、2、3、4和5岁的参与者进行了调查，并计算了1至5岁的摄入量（即加权平均值）。营养素、乳制品和饮料的摄入量通过3天的饮食日记获得；营养素充足率计算为营养素摄入量与推荐膳食摄入量/适宜摄入量的比值；乳制品依赖百分比计算为非乳制品未满足的总饮食营养素充足率（截断为1）的分数。
牛奶摄入量与果汁饮料（2、4、5岁和1至5岁）、汽水（2、3、4、5岁和1至5岁）和添加糖饮料（2、3、4、5岁和1至5岁）的摄入量呈负相关。1至5岁营养素充足率的乳制品依赖分数，钙为68%，维生素D为61%。较高的能量、较高的其他乳制品摄入量和较低的添加糖饮料摄入量预示着1至5岁较高的钙充足率，而较高的能量和较高的其他乳制品摄入量预示着较高的维生素D充足率。较高的能量、较高的其他乳制品摄入量、较低的100%果汁摄入量和较低的添加糖饮料摄入量预示着整体饮食质量较高。
乳制品仍然是钙和维生素D的重要来源，而添加糖饮料以及在较小程度上100%果汁会降低幼儿的饮食质量。
