Improved glucose control in nonhospitalized pregnant diabetic patients.

Methods for management of diabetic pregnancy in the outpatient setting require strict glucose control. To assess the effect of diet and injection of short and intermediate acting insulin on glucose, diabetic patients tested their urine daily for glucose and had biweekly serum glucose tests. A brief metabolic ward study in 9 diabetic patients during the third trimester yielded hourly glucose determinations. These results defined the range of serum glucose over a 24-hour period. Glucose data on 6 normal third trimester women also came from hourly glucose values. Glucose results of normal and diabetic subjects were similar. A 16th subject with diabetic eye, renal, and foot complications is included as a case report to illustrate management technics. Infants of the diabetic women had no perinatal mortality, morbidity, or macrosomia and thus differ from an earlier study where glucose was not strictly controlled. The data suggest hospitalization can be short and low perinatal morbidity and mortality are possible with this outpatient method of management of the pregnant diabetic patient.