Prapavat V, Runge W, Mans J, Krause A, Beuthan J, Müller G
Laser- und Medizin-Technologie gGmbH, Berlin, Germany.
Biomed Tech (Berl). 1997 Nov;42(11):319-26. doi: 10.1515/bmte.1997.42.11.319.
In the field of rheumatology, conventional diagnostic methods permit the detection only of advanced stages of the disease, which is at odds with the current clinical demand for the early diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Prompted by current needs, we developed a finger joint phantom that enables the optical and geometrical simulation of an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The results presented here form the experimental basis for an evaluation of new RA diagnostic systems based on near infrared light. The early stage of RA is characterised mainly by a vigorous proliferation of the synovial membrane and clouding of the synovial fluid. Using a double-integrating-sphere technique, the absorption and scattering coefficients (mua, mus') are experimentally determined for healthy and pathologically altered synovial fluid and capsule tissue. Using a variable mixture of Intralipid Indian ink and water as a scattering/absorption medium, the optical properties of skin, synovial fluid or capsule can be selected individually. Since the optical and geometrical properties of bone tissue remain constant in early-stage RA, a solid material is used for its simulation. Using the finger joint phantom described herein, the optical properties of joint regions can be adjusted specifically, enabling an evaluation of their effects on an optical signal--for example, during fluorography--and the investigation of these effects for diagnostically useful information. The experimental foundation for the development of a new optical system for the early diagnosis of RA has now been laid.
在风湿病学领域，传统诊断方法仅能检测到疾病的晚期阶段，这与当前对炎性风湿性疾病早期诊断的临床需求不符。受当前需求的推动，我们开发了一种手指关节模型，可对类风湿性关节炎（RA）早期进行光学和几何模拟。本文给出的结果构成了基于近红外光评估新型RA诊断系统的实验基础。RA早期的主要特征是滑膜的大量增生和滑液浑浊。使用双积分球技术，通过实验测定健康和病理改变的滑液及囊组织的吸收系数和散射系数（mua、mus'）。使用脂质乳剂印度墨水和水的可变混合物作为散射/吸收介质，可以单独选择皮肤、滑液或囊的光学特性。由于骨组织的光学和几何特性在RA早期保持不变，因此使用固体材料对其进行模拟。使用本文所述的手指关节模型，可以专门调整关节区域的光学特性，从而评估它们对光学信号的影响（例如在荧光成像期间），并研究这些影响以获取诊断有用信息。现在已经为开发用于RA早期诊断的新型光学系统奠定了实验基础。
