Günther H
Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung, Bonn.
Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 1997 Nov;36(4):209-12.
Embodied in Germany's Basic Law since 1994, the discrimination ban on behalf of disabled persons--in line with similar provisions introduced in other countries--highlights the fact that disabled persons, as individuals and with their lawful rights, have become the point of departure of disability policies, as opposed to the hitherto prevailing social welfare perspective. Banning discrimination alone, though, will enable equal opportunities to be achieved only for some areas of social life; positive discriminations in favour of disabled persons are possible and necessary in addition. When it comes to integration into worklife, banning discrimination against disabled persons will achieve but little. Rather, in a market economy, employers and the general public share a common responsibility, for one, by respecting employers' rights of disposal over their jobs and, for the other, by changing present labour market conditions in favour of disabled persons, i.e., taking measures of positive discrimination.
自1994年起，德国《基本法》中体现的针对残疾人的歧视禁令——与其他国家出台的类似规定一致——凸显了这样一个事实，即残疾人作为个体及其合法权利，已成为残疾政策的出发点，这与此前盛行的社会福利视角形成了鲜明对比。然而，仅靠禁止歧视只能在社会生活的某些领域实现平等机会；此外，对残疾人进行积极的差别对待也是可行且必要的。在融入工作生活方面，禁止对残疾人的歧视收效甚微。相反，在市场经济中，雇主和公众负有共同责任，一方面要尊重雇主对其工作岗位的处置权，另一方面要改变当前有利于残疾人的劳动力市场状况，即采取积极差别对待的措施。
