Morrow G L, Abbott R L
Toronto East General and Orthopedic Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
Am Fam Physician. 1998 Feb 15;57(4):735-46.
Conjunctivitis refers to any inflammatory condition of the membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the sclera. It is the most common cause of "red eye". The etiology can usually be determined by a careful history and an ocular examination, but culture is occasionally necessary to establish the diagnosis or to guide therapy. Conjunctivitis is commonly caused by bacteria and viruses. Neisseria infection should be suspected when severe, bilateral, purulent conjunctivitis is present in a sexually active adult or in a neonate three to five days postpartum. Conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae requires aggressive antibiotic therapy, but conjunctivitis due to other bacteria is usually self-limited. Chronic conjunctivitis is usually associated with blepharitis, recurrent styes or meibomianitis. Treatment requires good eyelid hygiene and the application of topical antibiotics as determined by culture. Allergic conjunctivitis is distinguished by severe itching and allergen exposure. This condition is generally treated with topical antihistamines, mast-cell stabilizers or anti-inflammatory agents.
结膜炎是指睑结膜及覆盖巩膜暴露表面的膜的任何炎症状态。它是“红眼”最常见的病因。病因通常可通过仔细的病史询问和眼部检查来确定，但偶尔需要进行培养以明确诊断或指导治疗。结膜炎通常由细菌和病毒引起。当性活跃的成年人或产后三至五天的新生儿出现严重的双侧脓性结膜炎时，应怀疑淋病奈瑟菌感染。沙眼衣原体或淋病奈瑟菌引起的结膜炎需要积极的抗生素治疗，但其他细菌引起的结膜炎通常是自限性的。慢性结膜炎通常与睑缘炎、复发性睑腺炎或睑板腺炎有关。治疗需要良好的眼睑卫生，并根据培养结果应用局部抗生素。过敏性结膜炎的特征是严重瘙痒和接触过敏原。这种情况通常用局部抗组胺药、肥大细胞稳定剂或抗炎药治疗。
