Huchon G
Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne.
Rev Mal Respir. 1997 Dec;14 Suppl 5:S49-59.
A tuberculous infection is the result of inhalation of tubercle bacilli either in great numbers or in subjects with diminished immunity. Clinical tuberculosis will only occur in 10 per cent of subjects following a first infection (primary tuberculosis) or subsequently (secondary tuberculosis or by a reactivation of a tuberculous lesion). All the intrathoracic structures may be involved in isolation or in the case of extra thoracic tuberculosis eventually disseminated. The clinical manifestations are most often non-specific. The persistence of respiratory symptoms are nevertheless suggestive, above all in a subject belonging to a group at elevated risk of tuberculosis. The radiological aspects may be very suggestive of tuberculosis. The diagnosis of an infection is based on a study of the skin responses to tuberculin and those on tuberculosis on the evidence of the tubercle bacillus.
结核感染是大量吸入结核杆菌或免疫力下降的个体吸入结核杆菌的结果。初次感染（原发性结核）或随后（继发性结核或结核病灶重新激活）后，只有10%的个体发生临床结核病。所有胸内结构可能单独受累，或在胸外结核的情况下最终播散。临床表现通常是非特异性的。然而，呼吸道症状持续存在仍具有提示意义，尤其是在属于结核病高危群体的个体中。放射学表现可能强烈提示结核病。感染的诊断基于对结核菌素皮肤反应的研究以及结核杆菌证据显示的结核病皮肤反应。
