Cecil J E, Castiglione K, French S, Francis J, Read N W
Centre for Human Nutrition, University of Sheffield, UK.
Appetite. 1998 Feb;30(1):65-77. doi: 10.1006/appe.1997.0109.
Previous studies using meal preloads have indicated that carbohydrate has a greater satiating power than fat. To investigate the effects of macronutrients on ingestion and satiety, without the influence of meal design and orosensory factors, two groups of ten healthy, fasted male volunteers took part in two separate experiments involving rapid direct intragastric infusions of macronutrients. In the first experiment volunteers received isocaloric infusions of either Intralipid, or 1:1 Intralipid and glucose mixture or saline over 15 min on three separate occasions. In a second experiment volunteers received isocaloric infusions of either Intralipid or glucose. For both studies, appetite ratings were recorded for the first two hours of the study and energy and macronutrient intakes were evaluated from a test meal given 1.5 h after the infusion. Food diaries were used to monitor food intake for the remainder of the study day. In the first experiment, both Intralipid and the Intralipid/glucose mixture suppressed appetite ratings and reduced energy intake at lunch compared with saline but had no effect on energy intake during the remainder of the study day. No differences were found between nutrient conditions in suppressing appetite ratings or energy intake. In the second experiment there were no differences between the effects of Intralipid and glucose on hunger, fullness or on energy intake from the test meal or intake over the remainder of the day. Taken together, these results suggest that intragastric infusions of either Intralipid, glucose or a mixture of the two, reduced hunger and increased fullness, but they failed to confirm the hypothesis that different macronutrients have different satiating capacities.
以往使用餐前负荷的研究表明，碳水化合物比脂肪具有更强的饱腹感。为了在不受进餐设计和口腔感觉因素影响的情况下，研究常量营养素对摄入和饱腹感的影响，两组各有十名健康的空腹男性志愿者参与了两项独立实验，实验涉及通过胃内快速直接输注常量营养素。在第一个实验中，志愿者在三个不同场合，于15分钟内接受等热量的脂肪乳剂、脂肪乳剂与葡萄糖1:1混合物或生理盐水的输注。在第二个实验中，志愿者接受等热量的脂肪乳剂或葡萄糖输注。在两项研究中，均在研究的前两小时记录食欲评分，并在输注后1.5小时给予的测试餐中评估能量和常量营养素摄入量。使用食物日记监测研究当天剩余时间的食物摄入量。在第一个实验中，与生理盐水相比，脂肪乳剂和脂肪乳剂/葡萄糖混合物均抑制了午餐时的食欲评分并减少了能量摄入，但对研究当天剩余时间的能量摄入没有影响。在抑制食欲评分或能量摄入方面，各营养条件之间未发现差异。在第二个实验中，脂肪乳剂和葡萄糖对饥饿、饱腹感或测试餐的能量摄入或当天剩余时间的摄入量的影响没有差异。综合来看，这些结果表明，胃内输注脂肪乳剂、葡萄糖或两者的混合物可减轻饥饿感并增加饱腹感，但未能证实不同常量营养素具有不同饱腹感的假设。
