Makowska Z, Makowiec-Dabrowska T
Zakładu Psychologii Pracy, Lodzi.
Med Pr. 1997;48(5):521-8.
On the basis of the studies carried out the authors verified a hypothesis that psychosocial work conditions and occupational stress are risk factors for premature birth and newborn hypotrophy. The following aspects were considered in the evaluation of psycho-social work conditions: (a) work-related psychological demands; (b) the extent to what an employee is able to control the situation at work; (c) occupational stress arising from the discrepancy between work-related demands and the extent of control over the work situation; and (d) interpersonal relations at work. The analysis covered 219 cases of premature births and 159 cases of newborn hypotrophy. The control group comprised 586 women sampled randomly who gave birth at term to a healthy baby with correct birth weight. The authors found that ill interpersonal relations and a low level of control over the situation at work elevate the risk of giving birth to a baby with hypotrophy, while good interpersonal relations and a high level of control over the situation at work play a protective role. The effect of these psycho-social factors applied only to hypotrophy of a newborn and it was related neither to other features of occupational work nor to biomedical factors. It seems that this kind of factors may have generally less pronounced impact on premature birth.
在已开展的研究基础上，作者验证了一项假设，即心理社会工作条件和职业压力是早产和新生儿发育迟缓的风险因素。在评估心理社会工作条件时考虑了以下几个方面：（a）与工作相关的心理需求；（b）员工对工作情况的控制能力；（c）工作相关需求与对工作情况的控制程度之间的差异所产生的职业压力；以及（d）工作中的人际关系。分析涵盖了219例早产病例和159例新生儿发育迟缓病例。对照组由586名随机抽样的妇女组成，她们足月分娩出体重正常的健康婴儿。作者发现，不良的人际关系和对工作情况的低控制水平会增加生出发育迟缓婴儿的风险，而良好的人际关系和对工作情况的高控制水平则起到保护作用。这些心理社会因素的影响仅适用于新生儿发育迟缓，与职业工作的其他特征以及生物医学因素均无关。似乎这类因素对早产的影响通常不太明显。
