Coakley E H, Rimm E B, Colditz G, Kawachi I, Willett W
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998 Feb;22(2):89-96. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800549.
Since the prevalence of adult obesity is increasing in the United States, we examined the effect of changing common habits (exercise, TV viewing, smoking and eating habits) on four year change in body weight.
A prospective cohort study of US male health professionals with follow-up from 1988-1992. Participants were 19478 men aged 40-75 in 1986, who were free of cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Multiple regression was used to determine the association between four year change in body weight (from 1988-1992) and common habits, after adjusting for baseline age, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.
For middle aged men, vigorous activity was associated with weight reduction and TV/VCR viewing and eating between meals with weight gain. Quitting smoking and a history of voluntary weight loss prior to the study period were consistently related to weight increase. Recently being on a diet was more strongly associated with weight loss among older men. Over the four year follow-up period, middle-aged men who increased their exercise, decreased TV viewing and stopped eating between meals, lost an average weight of -1.4 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.6 - -1.1 kg), compared to a weight gain of 1.4 kg among the overall population. The prevalence of obesity among middle-aged men was lowest among those who maintained a relatively high level of vigorous physical activity, compared to those who were relatively sedentary.
These data suggest that improvement in the mix of health habits, particularly increasing vigorous activity, as well as decreasing TV use and changing eating habits, results in weight maintenance or a modest weight loss over four years.
鉴于美国成人肥胖率不断上升，我们研究了改变常见习惯（运动、看电视、吸烟和饮食习惯）对四年体重变化的影响。
对美国男性健康专业人员进行前瞻性队列研究，随访时间为1988年至1992年。参与者为1986年年龄在40 - 75岁之间的19478名男性，他们没有癌症、冠心病、中风和糖尿病。
在调整基线年龄、高血压和高胆固醇血症后，使用多元回归来确定体重四年变化（1988年至1992年）与常见习惯之间的关联。
对于中年男性，剧烈运动与体重减轻相关，而看电视/录像和餐间进食与体重增加相关。戒烟以及研究期间之前有过自愿减肥史与体重增加始终相关。近期节食在老年男性中与体重减轻的关联更强。在四年的随访期内，增加运动量、减少看电视时间并停止餐间进食的中年男性平均体重减轻了 -1.4千克（95%置信区间（CI）-1.6 - -1.1千克），而总体人群体重增加了1.4千克。与相对久坐的中年男性相比，保持相对高水平剧烈身体活动的中年男性中肥胖患病率最低。
这些数据表明，健康习惯组合的改善，特别是增加剧烈运动，以及减少看电视时间和改变饮食习惯，会导致四年内体重维持或适度减轻。
